Expandable fusion device and method of installation thereof

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides an expandable fusion device capable of being installed inside an intervertebral disc space to maintain normal disc spacing and restore spinal stability, thereby facilitating an intervertebral fusion. In one embodiment, the fusion device includes a body portion, a first endplate, and a second endplate, the first and second endplates capable of being moved in a direction away from the body portion into an expanded configuration or capable of being moved towards the body portion into an unexpanded configuration. The fusion device is capable of being deployed and installed in both configurations.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This patent application is a continuation application of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/186,652, filed on Feb. 21, 2014 (published asU.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2014-0236297), which is a continuation-in-partapplication claiming priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/845,645, filed Apr. 3, 2013, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,216,095,which is a continuation-in-part application claiming priority to U.S.patent application Ser. No. 13/451,230, filed Apr. 19, 2012, now issuedas U.S. Pat. No. 8,518,120, which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 13/440,158, filed Apr. 5, 2012, now issued as U.S.Pat. No. 8,679,183, which is a continuation-in-part application of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 12/823,736, filed Jun. 25, 2010, now issuedas U.S. Pat. No. 8,685,098.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/186,652, filed on Feb. 21, 2014(published as U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2014-0236297) is also acontinuation-in-part application claiming priority to U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 13/273,994, filed Oct. 14, 2011, now issued as U.S.Pat. No. 9,358,126, which is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 12/579,833, filed Oct. 15, 2009, now issued as U.S. Pat. No.8,062,375.

The entire contents of all of which are hereby incorporated by referencein their entireties for all purposes.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the apparatus and method for promotingan intervertebral fusion, and more particularly relates to an expandablefusion device capable of being inserted between adjacent vertebrae tofacilitate the fusion process.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A common procedure for handling pain associated with intervertebraldiscs that have become degenerated due to various factors such as traumaor aging is the use of intervertebral fusion devices for fusing one ormore adjacent vertebral bodies. Generally, to fuse the adjacentvertebral bodies, the intervertebral disc is first partially or fullyremoved. An intervertebral fusion device is then typically insertedbetween neighboring vertebrae to maintain normal disc spacing andrestore spinal stability, thereby facilitating an intervertebral fusion.

There are a number of known conventional fusion devices andmethodologies in the art for accomplishing the intervertebral fusion.These include screw and rod arrangements, solid bone implants, andfusion devices which include a cage or other implant mechanism which,typically, is packed with bone and/or bone growth inducing substances.These devices are implanted between adjacent vertebral bodies in orderto fuse the vertebral bodies together, alleviating the associated pain.

However, there are drawbacks associated with the known conventionalfusion devices and methodologies. For example, present methods forinstalling a conventional fusion device often require that the adjacentvertebral bodies be distracted to restore a diseased disc space to itsnormal or healthy height prior to implantation of the fusion device. Inorder to maintain this height once the fusion device is inserted, thefusion device is usually dimensioned larger in height than the initialdistraction height. This difference in height can make it difficult fora surgeon to install the fusion device in the distracted intervertebralspace.

As such, there exists a need for a fusion device capable of beinginstalled inside an intervertebral disc space at a minimum to nodistraction height and for a fusion device that can maintain a normaldistance between adjacent vertebral bodies when implanted.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention provides an expandablefusion device capable of being installed inside an intervertebral discspace to maintain normal disc spacing and restore spinal stability,thereby facilitating an intervertebral fusion. In one embodiment, thefusion device includes a body portion, a first endplate, and a secondendplate. The first and second endplates are capable of being moved in adirection away from the body portion into an expanded configuration orcapable of being moved towards the body portion into an unexpandedconfiguration. The expandable fusion device is capable of being deployedand installed in the unexpanded configuration or the expandedconfiguration.

Further areas of applicability of the present invention will becomeapparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It shouldbe understood that the detailed description and specific examples, whileindicating the preferred or exemplary embodiments of the invention, areintended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limitthe scope of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will become more fully understood from thedetailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a side view of an embodiment of an expandable fusion deviceshown between adjacent vertebrae according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the expandable fusion device of FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 3 is a front perspective view of the expandable fusion device ofFIG. 1 shown in an unexpanded position

FIG. 4 is a front perspective view of the expandable fusion device ofFIG. 1 shown in an expanded position;

FIG. 5 is a rear perspective view of the expandable fusion device ofFIG. 1 shown in an unexpanded position;

FIG. 6 is a rear perspective view of the expandable fusion device ofFIG. 1 shown in an expanded position;

FIG. 7 is a side view of the expandable fusion device of FIG. 1 shown inan unexpanded position;

FIG. 8 is a side view of the expandable fusion device of FIG. 1 shown inan expanded position;

FIG. 9 is a top view of the expandable fusion device of FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 10 is a side partial cross-sectional view of the expandable fusiondevice of FIG. 1 shown in an unexpanded position;

FIG. 11 is a side partial cross-sectional view of the expandable fusiondevice of FIG. 1 shown in an expanded position;

FIG. 12 is a side schematic view of the expandable fusion device of FIG.1 having different endplates;

FIG. 13 is a partial side schematic view of the expandable fusion deviceof FIG. 1 showing different modes of endplate expansion; and

FIG. 14 is a side schematic view of the expandable fusion device of FIG.1 with artificial endplates shown between adjacent vertebrae.

FIG. 15 is a side view of an embodiment of an expandable fusion deviceshown between adjacent vertebrae according to the present invention;

FIG. 16 is an exploded view of the expandable fusion device of FIG. 15 ;

FIG. 17 is a rear perspective view of the expandable fusion device ofFIG. 15 shown in an unexpanded position;

FIG. 18 is a side cross-sectional view of the expandable fusion deviceof FIG. 15 shown with one of the endplates removed;

FIG. 19 is a side partial cross-sectional view of the expandable fusiondevice of FIG. 15 shown in an unexpanded position;

FIG. 20 is a side partial cross-sectional view of the expandable fusiondevice of FIG. 15 shown in an expanded position;

FIG. 21 is a side schematic view of the expandable fusion device of FIG.15 having different endplates;

FIG. 22 is a partial side schematic view of the expandable fusion deviceof FIG. 15 showing different modes of endplate expansion;

FIG. 23 is a side schematic view of the expandable fusion device of FIG.15 with artificial endplates shown between adjacent vertebrae;

FIG. 24 is a side view cross-sectional view of another embodiment of anexpandable fusion device shown in an unexpanded position;

FIG. 25 is a side view cross-sectional view of the expandable fusiondevice of FIG. 24 shown in an expanded position;

FIG. 26 is a side view of the expandable fusion device of FIG. 24showing the translation member and the ramped insert;

FIG. 27 is a front perspective view of the expandable fusion device ofFIG. 24 showing the translation member and the ramped insert;

FIG. 28 is a rear perspective of another embodiment of an expandablefusion device with the endplates having a threaded hole;

FIG. 29 is a top view of another embodiment of an expandable fusiondevice shown in an unexpanded position;

FIG. 30 is a bottom view of the expandable fusion device of FIG. 29 ;

FIG. 31 is top view of the expandable fusion device of FIG. 29 shown inan expanded position;

FIG. 32 is an exploded perspective view of another embodiment of anexpandable fusion device;

FIG. 33 is an end view of the expandable fusion device of FIG. 32 in anunexpanded position;

FIG. 34 is an end view of the expandable fusion device of FIG. 32 in anexpanded position;

FIG. 35 is a perspective view of another embodiment of an expandablefusion device;

FIG. 36 is a top view of the expandable fusion device of FIG. 35 ;

FIG. 37 is a perspective view of the expandable fusion device of FIG. 35with a closed end;

FIG. 38 is a front view of the expandable fusion device of FIG. 37 shownbetween adjacent vertebrae in an unexpanded position;

FIG. 39 is a front view of the expandable fusion device of FIG. 37 shownbetween adjacent vertebrae in an expanded position;

FIG. 40 is an exploded view of an alternative fusion device;

FIG. 41 is a top view of the device in FIG. 40 with a first endplateremoved;

FIG. 42 is a top view of the alternative fusion device having sidestabilization members;

FIG. 43 is a perspective view of the device in FIG. 42 ;

FIG. 44 is a side cross-sectional view of the device in FIG. 42 ; c

FIG. 45 is a perspective view of a trial member in a non-expandedconfiguration;

FIG. 46 is a side cross-sectional view of the trial member of FIG. 45 inan expanded configuration;

FIG. 47 is a top view of the trial member;

FIG. 48 is an exploded view of the trial member;

FIG. 49 is a side cross-sectional view of a portion of an alternativefusion device incorporating a ring member therein;

FIG. 50 is a perspective view of a portion of the alternative fusiondevice of FIG. 49 ;

FIG. 51 is a side cross-sectional view of a proximal portion of a trialmember in an unlocked configuration;

FIG. 52 is a side cross-sectional view of a proximal portion of a trialmember in a locked configuration;

FIG. 53 is an alternate side cross-sectional view of a proximal portionof a trial member in a locked configuration;

FIG. 54 is a perspective cross-sectional view of a proximal portion of atrial member in a locked configuration;

FIG. 55 is a front cross-sectional view of a proximal portion of a trialmember;

FIG. 56 is a side view of an instrument for engaging a fusion device;

FIGS. 57A-57C illustrate a distal portion of an instrument in theprocess of engaging a fusion device for delivery and actuation;

FIGS. 58A and 58B illustrate a proximal portion of an instrumentincluding a handle for delivering and actuating a fusion device;

FIG. 59 is a side cross-sectional view of a proximal portion of aninstrument including a handle;

FIGS. 60A-60C illustrate an alternative embodiment of an inserter tubeof an instrument;

FIG. 61 is an exploded view of another embodiment of an expandablefusion device according to the present invention;

FIG. 62 is a side view of the expandable fusion device of FIG. 61 in anunexpanded configuration;

FIG. 63 is a cross-sectional side view of the expandable fusion deviceof FIG. 61 in an unexpanded configuration;

FIG. 64 is a side view of the expandable fusion device of FIG. 61 in anexpanded configuration;

FIG. 65 is a cross-sectional side view of the expandable fusion deviceof FIG. 61 in an expanded configuration;

FIG. 66 is a cross-sectional side view of the expandable member of theexpandable fusion device of FIG. 61 ;

FIG. 67 is a front perspective of the expandable fusion device of FIG.61 ;

FIG. 68 is a front perspective of the body portion of the expandablefusion device of FIG. 61 ;

FIG. 69 is a cross-sectional side view of an alternative embodiment ofthe expandable fusion device of FIG. 61 in an unexpanded configuration;

FIG. 70 is a cross-sectional side view of the alternative embodiment ofthe expandable fusion device shown on FIG. 69 ;

FIG. 71 is a cross-sectional side view of an alternative embodiment ofthe expandable fusion device of FIG. 61 in an unexpanded configuration;

FIGS. 72-83 are side views of an expandable fusion device showingdifferent modes of lordotic expansion;

FIGS. 84A and 84B are top perspective views of an alternative expandablefusion device having an anterior-based actuation member;

FIGS. 85A and 85B are top views of the alternative expandable fusiondevice of FIG. 84A with endplates removed; and

FIGS. 86A and 86B are top perspective views of the alternativeexpandable fusion device of FIG. 84A with endplates removed.

FIG. 87 illustrates a lordotic expansion mechanism in accordance withsome embodiments.

FIGS. 88A-88C illustrate an alternative lordotic expansion mechanismusing one or more shims in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 89 illustrates an alternative lordotic expansion mechanism using asingle block in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 90A-90D illustrate an alternative lordotic expansion mechanismusing one or more shims with interlocking features in accordance withsome embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

The following description of the preferred embodiment(s) is merelyexemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention,its application, or uses.

A spinal fusion is typically employed to eliminate pain caused by themotion of degenerated disk material. Upon successful fusion, a fusiondevice becomes permanently fixed within the intervertebral disc space.Looking at FIG. 1 , an exemplary embodiment of an expandable fusiondevice 10 is shown between adjacent vertebral bodies 2 and 3. The fusiondevice 10 engages the endplates 4 and 5 of the adjacent vertebral bodies2 and 3 and, in the installed position, maintains normal intervertebraldisc spacing and restores spinal stability, thereby facilitating anintervertebral fusion. The expandable fusion device 10 can bemanufactured from a number of materials including titanium, stainlesssteel, titanium alloys, non-titanium metallic alloys, polymericmaterials, plastics, plastic composites, PEEK, ceramic, and elasticmaterials.

In an exemplary embodiment, bone graft or similar bone growth inducingmaterial can be introduced around and within the fusion device 10 tofurther promote and facilitate the intervertebral fusion. The fusiondevice 10, in one embodiment, is preferably packed with bone graft orsimilar bone growth inducing material to promote the growth of bonethrough and around the fusion device. Such bone graft may be packedbetween the endplates of the adjacent vertebral bodies prior to,subsequent to, or during implantation of the fusion device.

With reference to FIG. 2 , an exploded perspective view of oneembodiment of the fusion device 10 is shown. In an exemplary embodiment,the fusion device 10 includes a body portion 12, a first endplate 14, asecond endplate 16, a translation member 18, a plurality of pins 20, anactuation member 22, and a locking mechanism 24.

With additional reference to FIGS. 3-8 , in an exemplary embodiment, thebody portion 12 has a first end 26, a second end 28, a first sideportion 30 connecting the first end 26 and the second end 28, and asecond side portion 32 connecting the first end 26 and the second end28. The body portion 12 further includes an upper end 34, which is sizedto receive at least a portion of the first endplate 14, and a lower end36, which is sized to receive at least a portion of the second endplate16.

The first end 26 of the fusion device 10, in an exemplary embodiment,includes at least one angled surface 38, but can include multiple angledsurfaces. The angled surface can serve to distract the adjacentvertebral bodies when the fusion device 10 is inserted into anintervertebral space. In another preferred embodiment, it iscontemplated that there are at least two opposing angled surfacesforming a generally wedge shaped to distract the adjacent vertebralbodies when the fusion device 10 is inserted into an intervertebralspace.

The second end 28 of the body portion 12, in an exemplary embodiment,includes an opening 40 which may include threading. In another exemplaryembodiment, the opening 40 may include ratchet teeth instead ofthreading. The opening 40 extends from the second end 28 of the bodyportion 12 into a central opening 42 in the body portion 12. In oneembodiment, the central opening 42 is sized to receive the translationmember 18 and the opening 40 is sized to threadingly receive theactuation member 22. In another exemplary embodiment, the opening 40 issized to receive the actuation member 22 in a ratcheting fashion. In yetanother exemplary embodiment, first side portion 30 and second sideportion 32 each include a recess 44 located towards the second end 28 ofthe body portion 12. The recess 44 is configured and dimensioned toreceive an insertion instrument (not shown) that assists in theinsertion of the fusion device 10 into an intervertebral space.

Although the following discussion relates to the first endplate 14, itshould be understood that it also equally applies to the second endplate16 as the second endplate 16 is substantially identical to the firstendplate 14. Turning now to FIGS. 2-11 , in an exemplary embodiment, thefirst endplate 14 has an upper surface 46, a lower surface 48, and athrough opening 49. The through opening 49, in an exemplary embodiment,is sized to receive bone graft or similar bone growth inducing materialand further allow the bone graft or similar bone growth inducingmaterial to be packed in the central opening 42 in the body portion 12.

In one embodiment, the lower surface 48 includes at least one extension50 extending along at least a portion of the lower surface 48. As bestseen in FIGS. 2 and 4 , in an exemplary embodiment, the extension 50 canextend along a substantial portion of the lower surface 48, including,along each side of the endplate 14 and along the front end of theendplate 14. In another exemplary embodiment, the extension 50 includesat least one slot 52, but can include any number of slots 52, includingtwo sets of slots 52 opposing each other, as best seen in FIG. 2 . Theslots 52 are configured and dimensioned to receive pins 20 and areoriented in an oblique fashion. In another embodiment, the slots 52 maybe oriented in a generally vertical orientation.

In an exemplary embodiment, the extension 50 is sized to be receivedwithin the central opening 42 of the body portion 12. As best seen inFIGS. 11-12 , the lower surface 48 of the first endplate 14 furtherincludes, in an exemplary embodiment, at least one ramped surface 54. Inanother exemplary embodiment, there are two spaced ramped surfaces 54,56. It is contemplated that the slope of the ramped surfaces 54, 56 canbe equal or can differ from each other. The effect of varying the slopesof the ramped surfaces 54, 56 is discussed below.

Referring now to FIGS. 2-9 , in one embodiment, the upper surface 46 ofthe first endplate 14 is flat and generally planar to allow the uppersurface 46 of the endplate 14 to engage with the adjacent vertebral body2. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 12 , the upper surface 46 can becurved convexly or concavely to allow for a greater or lesser degree ofengagement with the adjacent vertebral body 2. It is also contemplatedthat the upper surface 46 can be generally planar but includes agenerally straight ramped surface or a curved ramped surface. The rampedsurface allows for engagement with the adjacent vertebral body 2 in alordotic fashion. Turning back to FIGS. 2-9 , in an exemplaryembodiment, the upper surface 46 includes texturing 58 to aid ingripping the adjacent vertebral bodies. Although not limited to thefollowing, the texturing can include teeth, ridges, friction increasingelements, keels, or gripping or purchasing projections.

With reference to FIGS. 2 and 10-11 , in an exemplary embodiment, thetranslation member 18 is sized to be received within the central opening42 of the body portion 12 and includes at least a first expansionportion 60. In another embodiment, the translation member 18 includes afirst expansion portion 60 and a second expansion portion 62, theexpansion portions 60, 62 being connected together via a bridge portion68. It is also contemplated that there may be more than two expansionportions where each of the expansion portions is connected by a bridgeportion. The expansion portions 60, 62 each have angled surfaces 64, 66configured and dimensioned to engage the ramp surfaces 54, 56 of thefirst and second endplates 14, 16. In an exemplary embodiment, thetranslation member 18 also includes recesses 70, 72, the recesses 70, 72are sized to receive and retain pins 20. In one embodiment, theexpansion portion 60 includes an opening 74, which is sized to receive aportion of the actuation member 22, and the expansion portion 62includes a nose 76, which is received within an opening 78 in the firstend 26 to stabilize the translation member 18 in the central opening 42of the body member 12.

In an exemplary embodiment, the actuation member 22 has a first end 80,a second end 82 and threading 84 extending along at least a portionthereof from the first end 80 to the second end 82. The threading 84threadingly engages the threading extending along a portion of opening40 in the body portion 12. In another exemplary embodiment, theactuation member 22 includes ratchet teeth instead of threading. Theratchet teeth engage corresponding ratchet teeth in the opening 40 inthe body portion 12. The first end 80 includes a recess 86 dimensionedto receive an instrument (not shown) that is capable of advancing theactuation member 22 with respect to the body portion 12 of the fusiondevice 10. The second end 82 of the actuation member 22 includes anextension 88 that is received within the opening 74 of the expansionportion 60. In one embodiment, the extension 88 may include a pluralityof slits and a lip portion. The plurality of slits allows the extensionportion 88 to flex inwardly reducing its diameter when received in theopening 74. Once the lip portion of the extension portion 88 is advancedbeyond the end of the opening 74, the extension portion 88 will returnback to its original diameter and the lip portion will engage theexpansion portion 60. It is further contemplated that a pin member 90can be included to prevent the extension portion from flexing inwardlythereby preventing the actuation member 22 from disengaging from thetranslation member 18.

In an exemplary embodiment, the fusion device 10 can further include alocking mechanism 24. The mechanism 24 is designed to resist rotation ofthe actuation member 22 rather than prevent rotation of the actuationmember 22. In an exemplary embodiment, either deformable threading canbe included on actuation member 22 or a disruption of the threading maybe included where a deformable material is included in the threadingdisruption. It is contemplated that the deformable member or deformablethreading can be made from a deformable or elastic, biocompatiblematerial such as nitinol or PEEK.

Turning now to FIGS. 1-8 and 10-11 , a method of installing theexpandable fusion device 10 is now discussed. Prior to insertion of thefusion device 10, the intervertebral space is prepared. In one method ofinstallation, a diskectomy is performed where the intervertebral disc,in its entirety, is removed. Alternatively, only a portion of theintervertebral disc can be removed. The endplates of the adjacentvertebral bodies 2, 3 are then scraped to create an exposed end surfacefor facilitating bone growth across the invertebral space. Theexpandable fusion device 10 is then introduced into the intervertebralspace, with the first end 26 being inserted first into the disc spacefollowed by the second end 28. In an exemplary method, the fusion device10 is in the unexpanded position when introduced into the intervertebralspace. The wedged shaped first end 26 will assist in distracting theadjacent vertebral bodies 2, 3 if necessary. This allows for the optionof having little to no distraction of the intervertebral space prior tothe insertion of the fusion device 10. In another exemplary method, theintervertebral space may be distracted prior to insertion of the fusiondevice 10. The distraction provide some benefits by providing greateraccess to the surgical site making removal of the intervertebral disceasier and making scraping of the endplates of the vertebral bodies 2, 3easier.

With the fusion device 10 inserted into and seated in the appropriateposition in the intervertebral disc space, the fusion device can thenexpanded into the expanded position, as best seen in FIGS. 1, 4, 6, 8,and 11 . To expand the fusion device 10, an instrument is engaged withrecess 86 in the actuation member 22. The instrument is used to rotateactuation member 22. As discussed above, actuation member 22 isthreadingly engaged body portion 12 and is engaged with translationmember 18; thus, as the actuation member 22 is rotated in a firstdirection, the actuation member 22 and the translation member 18 movewith respect to the body portion 12 toward the first end 26 of the bodyportion 12. In another exemplary embodiment, the actuation member 22 ismoved in a linear direction with the ratchet teeth engaging as means forcontrolling the movement of the actuation member 22 and the translationmember 18. As the translation member 18 moves, the ramped surface 64, 66of the expansion portions 60, 62 push against the ramped surfaces 54, 56of the endplates 14, 16 pushing endplates 14, 16 outwardly into theexpanded position. This can best be seen in FIGS. 10 and 11 . Since theexpansion of the fusion device 10 is actuated by a rotational input, theexpansion of the fusion device 10 is infinite. In other words, theendplates 14, 16 can be expanded to an infinite number of heightsdependent on the rotational advancement of the actuation member 22. Asdiscussed above, the fusion device 10 includes a locking mechanism 24which assists in retaining the endplates 14, 16 at the desired height.

It should also be noted that the expansion of the endplates 14, 16 canbe varied based on the differences in the dimensions of the rampedsurfaces 54, 56, 64, 66. As best seen in FIG. 13 , the endplates 14, 16can be expanded in any of the following ways: straight rise expansion,straight rise expansion followed by a toggle into a lordotic expandedconfiguration, or a phase off straight rise into a lordotic expandedconfiguration.

Turning back to FIGS. 1-8 and 10-11 , in the event the fusion device 10needs to be repositioned or revised after being installed and expanded,the fusion device 10 can be contracted back to the unexpandedconfiguration, repositioned, and expanded again once the desiredpositioning is achieved. To contract the fusion device 10, theinstrument is engaged with recess 86 in the actuation member 22. Theinstrument is used to rotate actuation member 22. As discussed above,actuation member 22 is threadingly engaged body portion 12 and isengaged with translation member 18; thus, as the actuation member 22 isrotated in a second direction, opposite the first direction, theactuation member 22 and translation member 18 move with respect to thebody portion 12 toward the second end 28 of the body portion 12. As thetranslation member 18 moves, the pins 20, a portion of which are locatedwithin the slots 52, ride along the slots 52 pulling the endplates 14,16 inwardly into the unexpanded position.

With reference now to FIG. 14 , fusion device 10 is shown with anexemplary embodiment of artificial endplates 100. Artificial endplates100 allows the introduction of lordosis even when the endplates 14 and16 of the fusion device 10 are generally planar. In one embodiment, theartificial endplates 100 have an upper surface 102 and a lower surface104. The upper surfaces 102 of the artificial endplates 100 have atleast one spike 106 to engage the adjacent vertebral bodies. The lowersurfaces 104 have complementary texturing or engagement features ontheir surfaces to engage with the texturing or engagement features onthe upper endplate 14 and the lower endplate 16 of the fusion device 10.In an exemplary embodiment, the upper surface 102 of the artificialendplates 100 have a generally convex profile and the lower surfaces 104have a generally parallel profile to achieve lordosis. In anotherexemplary embodiment, fusion device 10 can be used with only oneartificial endplate 100 to introduce lordosis even when the endplates 14and 16 of the fusion device 10 are generally planar. The artificialendplate 100 can either engage endplate 14 or engage endplate 16 andfunction in the same manner as described above with respect to twoartificial endplates 100.

Although the preceding discussion only discussed having a single fusiondevice 10 in the intervertebral space, it is contemplated that more thanone fusion device 10 can be inserted in the intervertebral space. It isfurther contemplated that each fusion device 10 does not have to befinally installed in the fully expanded state. Rather, depending on thelocation of the fusion device 10 in the intervertebral disc space, theheight of the fusion device 10 may vary from unexpanded to fullyexpanded.

With reference to FIG. 16 , an exploded perspective view of oneembodiment of the fusion device 210 is shown. In an exemplaryembodiment, the fusion device 210 includes a body portion 212, a firstendplate 214, a second endplate 216, a translation member 218, anactuation member 220, and an insert 222.

With additional reference to FIGS. 17-20 , in an exemplary embodiment,the body portion 212 has a first end 224, a second end 226, a first sideportion 228 connecting the first end 224 and the second end 226, and asecond side portion 229 on the opposing side of the body portion 212connecting the first end 224 and the second end 226. The body portion212 further includes an upper end 230, which is sized to receive atleast a portion of the first endplate 214, and a lower end 232, which issized to receive at least a portion of the second endplate 216.

The first end 224 of the body portion 212, in an exemplary embodiment,includes at least one angled surface 234, but can include multipleangled surfaces. The angled surface 234 can serve to distract theadjacent vertebral bodies when the fusion device 210 is inserted into anintervertebral space. In another preferred embodiment, it iscontemplated that there are at least two opposing angled surfacesforming a generally wedge shaped to distract the adjacent vertebralbodies when the fusion device 210 is inserted into an intervertebralspace.

The second end 226 of the body portion 212, in an exemplary embodiment,includes an opening 236 which may include threading. In anotherexemplary embodiment, the opening 236 may include ratchet teeth insteadof threading. The opening 236 extends from the second end 226 of thebody portion 212 into a central opening (not illustrated) in the bodyportion 212. In one embodiment, the central opening is sized to receivethe translation member 218, and the opening 236 is sized to threadinglyreceive the actuation member 220. In another exemplary embodiment, theopening 236 is sized to receive the actuation member 220 in a ratchetingfashion. In yet another exemplary embodiment, first side portion 228 andsecond side portion 229 each include a recess 238 located towards thesecond end 226 of the body portion 212. The recess 238 is configured anddimensioned to receive an insertion instrument (not shown) that assistsin the insertion of the fusion device 210 into an intervertebral space.

Although the following discussion relates to the first endplate 214, itshould be understood that it also equally applies to the second endplate216 as the second endplate 216 is substantially identical to the firstendplate 214 in embodiments of the present invention. Turning now toFIGS. 16-20 , in an exemplary embodiment, the first endplate 214 has anupper surface 240, a lower surface 242, and a through opening 243. Thethrough opening 243, in an exemplary embodiment, is sized to receivebone graft or similar bone growth inducing material and further allowthe bone graft or similar bone growth inducing material to be packed inthe central opening in the body portion 212.

In one embodiment, the lower surface 242 includes at least one extension244 extending along at least a portion of the lower surface 242. As bestseen in FIGS. 17 and 18 , in an exemplary embodiment, the extension 244can extend along a substantial portion of the lower surface 242,including, along each side of the endplate 214 and along the front endof the endplate 214. In another exemplary embodiment, the extension 244includes at least one ramped portion 246, but can include any number oframped portions, including two spaced ramped portions 246, 248 in theextension 244 that extend between each side of the endplate 214, as bestseen in FIG. 18 . It is contemplated that the slope of the rampedportions 246, 248 can be equal or can differ from each other. The effectof varying the slopes of the ramped portions 246, 248 is discussedbelow.

In an exemplary embodiment, the ramped portions 246, 248 further includegrooved portions 247, 249 that are configured and dimensioned to receiveangled surfaces 258, 260 of the translation member 218 and are orientedin an oblique fashion. In a preferred embodiment, the grooved portions246, 248 are dovetail grooves configured and dimensioned to hold theangled surfaces 258, 260 of the translation member 218 while allowingthe angles surfaces 258, 260 to slide against the ramped portions 246,248.

Referring now to FIGS. 17-20 , in one embodiment, the upper surface 240of the first endplate 214 is flat and generally planar to allow theupper surface 240 of the endplate 214 to engage with the adjacentvertebral body 202. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 21 , the uppersurface 240 can be curved convexly or concavely to allow for a greateror lesser degree of engagement with the adjacent vertebral body 202. Itis also contemplated that the upper surface 240 can be generally planarbut includes a generally straight ramped surface or a curved rampedsurface. The ramped surface allows for engagement with the adjacentvertebral body 202 in a lordotic fashion. Turning back to FIGS. 16-20 ,in an exemplary embodiment, the upper surface 240 includes texturing 250to aid in gripping the adjacent vertebral bodies. Although not limitedto the following, the texturing can include teeth, ridges, frictionincreasing elements, keels, or gripping or purchasing projections.

With reference to FIGS. 16 and 18-20 , in an exemplary embodiment, thetranslation member 218 is sized to be received within the centralopening of the body portion 212 and includes at least a first expansionportion 252. In another embodiment, the translation member 218 includesa first expansion portion 252 and a second expansion portion 254, theexpansion portions 252, 254 being connected together via a bridgeportion 256. It is also contemplated that there may be more than twoexpansion portions where each of the expansion portions is connected bya bridge portion. The expansion portions 252, 254 each have angledsurfaces 258, 260 configured and dimensioned to engage the groovedportions 246, 248 of the first and second endplates 214, 216. In oneembodiment, the translation member 218 includes an opening 262 in thefirst expansion portion 252, which is sized to receive a portion of theactuation member 220, as best seen in FIG. 18 . In an exemplaryembodiment, the first expansion portion 252 includes a central bore 263that extends from the opening 262 and through the first expansionportion 252. In one embodiment, the translation member 218 includes ahole 264 in the second expansion portion 254, which is sized to receivenose 266, as best seen in FIGS. 19 and 20 . In an exemplary embodiment,the hole 264 includes threading 268 for threadedly receiving a threadedend 270 of the nose 266, as shown on FIG. 20 . The nose 266 is receivedin an opening 272 in the first end 234 of the body portion 212 tostabilize the translation member 218 in the central opening of the bodyportion 212.

In one embodiment, the translation member 218 includes a lockingmechanism 274, which is configured and adapted to engage the actuationmember 220. As illustrated, the locking mechanism 274 may extend fromthe first expansion portion 252. The locking mechanism 274 includes aslot 276 configured and adapted to receive extension 287 of theactuation member 220. In an exemplary embodiment, the locking mechanism274 further includes a stop 278 (e.g., a rim, a lip, etc.) that engagesthe actuation member 220 when it is disposed in the slot 276.

Referring now to FIGS. 16-20 , in an exemplary embodiment, the actuationmember 220 has a first end 280, a second end 282, and threading (notillustrated) extending along at least a portion thereof from the firstend 280 to the second end 282. The threading threadingly engages thethreading that extends along a portion of opening 236 in the bodyportion 212. In another exemplary embodiment, the actuation member 220includes ratchet teeth instead of threading. The ratchet teeth engagecorresponding ratchet teeth in the opening 236 in the body portion 212.The first end 280 includes a recess 284 dimensioned to receive aninstrument (not shown) that is capable of advancing the actuation member220 with respect to the body portion 212 of the fusion device 210. In anembodiment, the actuation member 220 includes a bore 285, as best seenby FIG. 18 , that extends from the recess 284 in the first end to thesecond 282. The second end 282 of the actuation member 220 includes anextension 286 that is received within the opening 262 in the firstexpansion portion 252. In one embodiment, the extension 288 may includea lip portion 286 and a plurality of slits 288. The plurality of slits288 are configured to receive inserts 222. Inserts 222 are provided tolimit motion of the actuation member 220. Once the lip portion 286 isplaced into the slot 276 of the locking mechanism 274, the lip portion286 will engage the stop 278 preventing longitudinal movement of theactuation member 220 with respect to the translation member 218. It isfurther contemplated that a pin member 290 can be included to furthersecure the actuation member 220 in the translation member 219. In anembodiment, the pin member 290 can be pressed into the central bore 285of the actuation member 220 and the central bore 263 of the translationmember, thereby preventing the actuation member 220 from disengagingfrom the translation member 218. Additionally, in an exemplaryembodiment, the fusion device 210 can further include a chamfered tip224 for distraction of adjacent vertebrae.

Turning now to FIGS. 15-20 , a method of installing the expandablefusion device 210 is now discussed. Prior to insertion of the fusiondevice 210, the intervertebral space is prepared. In one method ofinstallation, a discectomy is performed where the intervertebral disc,in its entirety, is removed. Alternatively, only a portion of theintervertebral disc can be removed. The endplates of the adjacentvertebral bodies 202, 203 are then scraped to create an exposed endsurface for facilitating bone growth across the invertebral space. Theexpandable fusion device 210 is then introduced into the intervertebralspace, with the first end 222 of the body portion 212 being insertedfirst into the disc space followed by the second end 224. In anexemplary method, the fusion device 210 is in the unexpanded positionwhen introduced into the intervertebral space. The wedged-shaped firstend 222 should assist in distracting the adjacent vertebral bodies 202,203, if necessary. This allows for the option of having little to nodistraction of the intervertebral space prior to the insertion of thefusion device 210. In another exemplary method, the intervertebral spacemay be distracted prior to insertion of the fusion device 210. Thedistraction provide some benefits by providing greater access to thesurgical site making removal of the intervertebral disc easier andmaking scraping of the endplates of the vertebral bodies 202, 203easier.

With the fusion device 210 inserted into and seated in the appropriateposition in the intervertebral disc space, the fusion device can thenexpanded into the expanded position, as best seen in FIGS. 15, 19, and20 . To expand the fusion device 210, an instrument is engaged withrecess 284 in the actuation member 220. The instrument is used to rotateactuation member 220. As discussed above, actuation member 220 can bethreadingly engaging body portion 212 and is engaged with translationmember 218; thus, as the actuation member 220 is rotated in a firstdirection, the actuation member 220 and the translation member 218 movewith respect to the body portion 212 toward the first end 222 of thebody portion 212. In another exemplary embodiment, the actuation member220 is moved in a linear direction with the ratchet teeth engaging asmeans for controlling the movement of the actuation member 220 and thetranslation member 218. As the translation member 218 moves, the angledsurfaces 258, 260 of the expansion portions 252, 254 push against theramped portions 246, 248 of the endplates 214, 216 pushing endplates214, 216 outwardly into the expanded position with the angled surfaces258, 260 riding along the grooved portions 247, 248 of the rampedportions 246, 248. This can best be seen in FIGS. 19 and 20 . Since theexpansion of the fusion device 210 is actuated by a rotational input,the expansion of the fusion device 210 is infinite. In other words, theendplates 214, 216 can be expanded to an infinite number of heightsdependent on the rotational advancement of the actuation member 220. Asdiscussed above, the fusion device 210 includes a locking mechanism 222which assists in retaining the endplates 14, 16 at the desired height.

It should also be noted that the expansion of the endplates 214, 216 canbe varied based on the differences in the dimensions of the rampedportions 246, 248 and the angled surfaces 258, 260. As best seen in FIG.22 , the endplates 214, 216 can be expanded in any of the followingways: straight rise expansion, straight rise expansion followed by atoggle into a lordotic expanded configuration, or a phase off straightrise into a lordotic expanded configuration.

Turning back to FIGS. 15-20 , in the event the fusion device 210 needsto be repositioned or revised after being installed and expanded, thefusion device 210 can be contracted back to the unexpandedconfiguration, repositioned, and expanded again once the desiredpositioning is achieved. To contract the fusion device 210, theinstrument is engaged with recess 284 in the actuation member 220. Theinstrument is used to rotate actuation member 220. As discussed above,actuation member 220 can be threadingly engaging body portion 212 and isengaged with translation member 218; thus, as the actuation member 220is rotated in a second direction, opposite the first direction, theactuation member 220 and translation member 218 move with respect to thebody portion 212 toward the second end 226 of the body portion 212. Asthe translation member 218 moves, the angled surfaces 258, 260 of thetranslation member 218 ride along the grooved portions 247, 249 pullingthe endplates 214, 216 inwardly into the unexpanded position.

With reference now to FIG. 23 , fusion device 210 is shown with anexemplary embodiment of artificial endplates 300. Artificial endplates300 allows the introduction of lordosis even when the endplates 214 and216 of the fusion device 210 are generally planar. In one embodiment,the artificial endplates 300 have an upper surface 302 and a lowersurface 304. The upper surfaces 302 of the artificial endplates 300 haveat least one spike 306 to engage the adjacent vertebral bodies. Thelower surfaces 304 have complementary texturing or engagement featureson their surfaces to engage with the texturing or engagement features onthe upper endplate 214 and the lower endplate 216 of the fusion device210. In an exemplary embodiment, the upper surface 302 of the artificialendplates 300 have a generally convex profile and the lower surfaces 304have a generally parallel profile to achieve lordosis. In anotherexemplary embodiment, fusion device 210 can be used with only oneartificial endplate 300 to introduce lordosis even when the endplates214 and 216 of the fusion device 210 are generally planar. Theartificial endplate 300 can either engage endplate 214 or engageendplate 216 and function in the same manner as described above withrespect to two artificial endplates 300.

Referring now to FIGS. 24 and 25 , an alternative embodiment of thefusion device 210 is shown. In an exemplary embodiment, the fusiondevice 210 includes a body portion 212, a first endplate 214, a secondendplate 216, a translation member 218, and an actuation member 220. Inthe illustrated embodiment, the fusion device further includes a firstramped insert 320 and a second ramped insert 322.

Although the following discussion relates to the first ramped insert320, it should be understood that it also equally applies to the secondramped insert 322 as the second ramped insert 322 is substantiallyidentical to the first ramped insert 320 in embodiments of the presentinvention. Turning now to FIGS. 24-27 , in an exemplary embodiment, thefirst ramped insert 320 includes a first ramped portion 324 and a secondramped portion 326, the first and second ramped portions 324, 326 beingconnected by a bridge portion 328. The ramped portions 324, 326 eachhave grooved portions 330, 332 configured and dimensioned to receiveangled surfaces 258, 260 of the translation member. The ramped portions324, 326 can be oriented in an oblique fashion, as illustrated. In apreferred embodiment, the grooved portions 330, 332 are dovetail groovesconfigured and dimensioned to hold the angled surfaces 258, 260 of thetranslation member 218 while allowing the angles surfaces 258, 260 toslide against the ramped portions 324, 326.

In an exemplary embodiment, the first ramped insert 320 should beconfigured and dimensioned to be engaged with the first endplate 214. Inan embodiment, the first and second ramped portions 324, 326 includesnap connectors 334, 336 for securing the first ramped insert 320 to thefirst endplate. It should be understood that the snap connectors 334,336 are merely illustrative and that other suitable mechanisms forsecuring the first ramped inserted 320 with the first endplate 214 maybe used.

Referring to FIGS. 24-27 , in an exemplary embodiment, the translationmember 218 is sized to be received within the central opening of thebody portion 212 and includes at least a first expansion portion 252. Inanother embodiment, the translation member 218 includes a firstexpansion portion 252 and a second expansion portion 254, the expansionportions 252, 254 being connected together via a bridge portion 256. Itis also contemplated that there may be more than two expansion portionswhere each of the expansion portions is connected by a bridge portion.The expansion portions 252, 254 each have angled surfaces 258, 260configured and dimensioned to engage the grooved portions 330, 332 ofthe first and second ramped inserts 320, 322. In one embodiment, theangled surfaces 258, 260 include corresponding grooved portions 338,340, as best seen in FIG. 27 , that slidingly engaged the groovedportions 330, 332 of the first and second ramped inserts 320, 322.

In one embodiment, the expansion portion 252 includes an opening 262,which is sized to receive a portion of the actuation member 220, and theexpansion portion 262 includes a nose 266, which is received within anopening 272 in the first end 234 of the body portion 212 to stabilizethe translation member 218 in the central opening of the body portion212. In an embodiment, the nose 266 is integral with the expansionportion 262. In an embodiment (shown on FIGS. 16 and 18-20 ), the nose266 is threadingly engaged with the expansion portion 262. In anembodiment, the translation member 218 includes a locking mechanism 274to engage the actuation member 220, as illustrated in FIGS. 16-20 .However, it should be understood that other suitable mechanisms may beused to secure the actuation member 220 within the translation member218. For example, the actuation member 220 may include an extension 287having a lip portion 286 (shown on FIGS. 16 and 18-20 ) that engages theexpansion portion 262. The extension 287 may, for example, be configuredto flex inwardly reducing its diameter when received in the opening 262.Once the lip portion 286 of the extension 287 is advanced beyond the endof the opening 262, the extension portion 287 will return back to itsoriginal diameter and the lip portion 286 will engage the expansionportion 260.

The expandable fusion device 210 of FIGS. 24-27 can be inserted into theintervertebral space in a manner similar to that the previouslydescribed with respect to FIGS. 15-20 . After insertion, the expandablefusion device 210 of FIGS. 24-27 can be expanded into the expandedposition, as best seen in FIGS. 24 and 25 . To expand the fusion device210, an instrument is engaged with recess 284 in the actuation member220. The instrument is used to rotate actuation member 220. As discussedabove, actuation member 220 can be threadingly engaging body portion 212and is engaged with translation member 218; thus, as the actuationmember 220 is rotated in a first direction, the actuation member 220 andthe translation member 218 move with respect to the body portion 212toward the first end 222 of the body portion 212. In another exemplaryembodiment, the actuation member 220 is moved in a linear direction withthe ratchet teeth engaging as means for controlling the movement of theactuation member 220 and the translation member 218. As the translationmember 218 moves, the angled surfaces 258, 260 of the expansion portions252, 254 push against the ramped portions 324, 326 of the first andsecond ramped inserts 320, 322 while riding along the grooved portions330, 332, thus pushing first and second ramped inserts 320, 322outwardly. Because the first and second ramped inserts 320, 322 areengaged with the endplates 214, 216, the endplates 214, 216 are alsopushed outwardly into the expanded position.

After expansion, the expandable fusion device 210 can be contracted backto the unexpanded configuration. To contract the fusion device 210, theinstrument is engaged with recess 284 in the actuation member 220. Theinstrument is used to rotate actuation member 220. As discussed above,actuation member 220 can be threadingly engaging body portion 212 and isengaged with translation member 218; thus, as the actuation member 220is rotated in a second direction, opposite the first direction, theactuation member 220 and translation member 218 move with respect to thebody portion 212 toward the second end 226 of the body portion 212. Asthe translation member 218 moves, the angled surfaces 258, 260 of thetranslation member 218 ride along the grooved portions 330, 332 pullingthe first and second ramped inserts 320, 322 and thus, the endplates214, 216 inwardly into the unexpanded position.

Referring now to FIG. 28 , an alternative embodiment of the fusiondevice 210 is shown. In an exemplary embodiment, the first endplate 214and the second endplate 216 each include additional geometry to helpsecurely hold the endplates 214, 216 in place. In an embodiment, thefirst endplate 214 and/or the second endplate 216 include threaded holes341 through which the fasteners, such as screws 342, may be inserted. Inan embodiment, the threaded holes 341 penetrate through the firstendplate 214 and/or the second endplate 216 in an oblique fashion. It iscontemplated that the screws 342 may inserted through the threaded holes341 and into adjacent vertebral bodies 202, 203, to further secure thefirst endplate 214 and the second endplate 216 to the vertebral bodies202, 203. In some embodiments, these fasteners may be removed once amore long-term interface has been established, or alternatively thefasteners may remain in place indefinitely or until the fusion device210 needs adjustment and/or replacement.

With reference now FIGS. 29-31 , an alternative embodiment of the fusiondevice 210 is shown that expands laterally. Lateral expansion maximizescoverage of the intravertebral disc space for wider load distributionand stability providing a rigid foundation for fusion. In oneembodiment, the fusion device 210 includes body portion 212, firstendplate 344, and second endplate 346.

Although the following discussion relates to the first endplate 344, itshould be understood that it also equally applies to the second endplate346 as the second endplate 346 is substantially identical to the firstendplate 344 in embodiments of the present invention. Turning now toFIGS. 31-33 , in an exemplary embodiment, the first endplate 344 has anupper surface 348, a lower surface 350, and an inner surface 351 facingthe body portion 212. It is contemplated that the upper surface 348 willengage adjacent vertebral body 202 (seen on FIG. 15 ) and the lowersurface 350 will engage adjacent vertebral body 203 (seen on FIG. 15 ).In one embodiment, the upper surface 348 and the lower surface 350 areeach flat and generally planar to allow the upper surface 348 to engagewith the adjacent vertebral body 203. Alternatively, the upper surface348 and/or the lower surface 350 can be curved convexly or concavely toallow for a greater or lesser degree of engagement with the adjacentvertebral bodies 202, 203. It is also contemplated that the uppersurface 348 and/or the lower surface 350 can be generally planar butincludes a generally straight ramped surface or a curved ramped surface.The ramped surface allows for engagement with the adjacent vertebralbody 202 and/or the adjacent vertebral body 203 in a lordotic fashion.In an exemplary embodiment, the upper surface 348 and/or lower surface350 includes textures 352 to aid in gripping the adjacent vertebralbodies. Although not limited to the following, the texturing can includeteeth, ridges, friction increasing elements, keels, or gripping orpurchasing projections.

In one embodiment, the inner surface 351 includes at least one extension354 extending along at least a portion of the inner surface 351. In anexemplary embodiment, the extension 354 can extend along a substantialportion of the inner surface 354, including, along each side of theendplate 344 and along the front end of the endplate 214. While notillustrated, the inner surface may include ramped surfaces and groovedportions in an exemplary embodiment. It is contemplated that the rampedsurfaces and/or grooved portions may be similar to the ramped surfaces246, 248 and grooved portion 247, 249 in extension 244 shown on FIGS.18-20 . In an embodiment, the extension 354 may include slots 356oriented in an oblique fashion through which pins 358 may be inserted.

While not illustrated, the fusion device 210 further includes featuresto effectuate the lateral expansion of the first and second endplates344, 346. In one embodiment, the fusion device 210 using a rampingsystem—similar to the system illustrated in FIGS. 16 and 18-20 —forexpanding the first and second endplates 344, 346. In an exemplaryembodiment, the fusion device 210 further includes a translation memberand actuation member, such as translation member 218 and actuationmember 220 shown on FIGS. 16 and 18-20 . It is contemplated that thetranslation member may include angled surfaces that push against rampedsurfaces in the extension 354, expanding the first and second endplates344, 346 outwardly and away from the body portion 212. In an embodiment,pins 356 disposed through the slots 354 may be retained in thetranslation member. In an alternative embodiment, dovetailing may beused for engagement of the angled surfaces and ramped surfaces. Itshould be understood that the translation member and actuation member inthis embodiment may be similar to the translation member 218 andactuation member 220 described above with respect FIGS. 15-20 . Inanother embodiment, the fusion device 210 further includes first andsecond ramped inserts that are secured within the first and secondendplates 344, 346. The first and second ramped inserts may be similarto the first and second ramped inserts 320, 322 described above withrespect to FIGS. 24-27 . It is contemplated that angled surfaces in thetranslation member may push against ramped surfaces in the rampedinserts pushing the ramped inserts outwardly. Because of theirengagement with the first and second endplates 344, 346, the first andsecond endplates 344, 346 may thus be expanded outwardly. In thismanner, the first and second endplates 344, 346 may be laterallyexpanded away from the body portion 212. It should be understood thatother suitable techniques may also be used to effectuate this lateralexpansion.

With reference to FIG. 32 , an exploded perspective view of anotherembodiment of fusion device 210 is shown. In an exemplary embodiment,the fusion device 210 includes a body portion 212, a first endplate 400,a second endplate 402, a third endplate 404, a fourth endplate 406, anda translation member 218. In this embodiment, the fusion device 210 isconfigured to expand both vertically and laterally.

In an exemplary embodiment, the body portion 212 has a first end 224, asecond end 226, a first side portion 228 connecting the first end 224and the second end 226, and a second side portion 229 on the opposingside of the body portion 212 connecting the first end 224 and the secondend 226. The body portion 212 further includes a top side portion 408connecting the first end 224 and the second end 226, and a bottom sideportion 410 on the opposing side of the body portion 212 connecting thefirst end 224 and the second end 226. The body portion 212 furtherincludes first gap 412 between the top side portion 408 and the firstside portion 228, which is sized to receive at least a portion of thefirst endplate 400. The body portion 212 further includes second gap 414between the top side portion 408 and the second side portion 229, whichis sized to receive at least a portion of the second endplate 402. Thebody portion 212 further includes third gap 416 between the bottom sideportion 410 and the first side portion 228, which is sized to receive atleast a portion of the third endplate 404. The body portion 212 furtherincludes fourth gap 418 between the bottom side portion 410 and thesecond side portion 229, which is sized to receive at least a portion ofthe fourth endplate 406.

The first end 224 of the body portion 212, in an exemplary embodiment,includes an opening 420. The opening 420 extends from the first end 224of the body portion 212 into a central opening 422. In one embodiment,the central opening 422 is sized to receive the translation member 218.The second end 226 of the body portion 212, in an exemplary embodiment,includes an opening 236, which extends from the second end 226 of thebody portion 212 into the central opening 422.

Although the following discussion relates to the first endplate 400, itshould be understood that it also equally applies to the second endplate402, the third endplate 404, and the fourth endplate 406, as theseendplates 402, 404, 406 are substantially identical to the firstendplate 400 in embodiments of the present invention. Turning now toFIGS. 32-34 , in an exemplary embodiment, the first endplate 214 has afirst end 424 and a second end 426. The first endplate further includesan upper surface 240 connecting the first end 424 and the second end 426and a lower surface 442 on an opposing side of the endplate 400connecting the first end 424 and the second end 426. While notillustrated, the first endplate 214 may include a through opening sizedto receive bone graft or similar bone growth inducing material andfurther allow the bone graft or similar bone growth inducing material tobe packed in the central opening 422 in the body portion 212.

In one embodiment, the lower surface 242 includes at least one firstretaining socket 428 on the lower surface 242. In an exemplaryembodiment, the lower surface 242 includes a first retaining socket 428at the interior corner of the intersection of the first end 424 and thelower surface 242, and a second retaining socket 430 at the interiorcorner of the intersection of the first end 424 and the lower surface242.

Referring now to FIGS. 32-34 , in one embodiment, the upper surface 240of the first endplate 400 is curved convexly. Alternatively, the uppersurface 240 is flat or curved concavely to allow for a greater or lesserdegree of engagement with the adjacent vertebral body 202. It is alsocontemplated that the upper surface 240 can be generally planar butincludes a generally straight ramped surface or a curved ramped surface.The ramped surface allows for engagement with the adjacent vertebralbody 202 in a lordotic fashion. In an exemplary embodiment, the uppersurface 240 includes texturing 250 to aid in gripping the adjacentvertebral bodies. Although not limited to the following, the texturingcan include teeth, ridges, friction increasing elements, keels, orgripping or purchasing projections.

With reference to FIG. 32 , in an exemplary embodiment, the translationmember 218 is sized to be received within the central opening 422 of thebody portion 212. The translation member 218 should be sized to allowlongitudinal translation within the central opening 422. In anembodiment, the translation member 218 includes at least a firstexpansion portion 252. In another embodiment, the translation member 218includes a first expansion portion 252 and a second expansion portion254, the expansion portions 252, 254 being connected together via abridge portion 256. It is also contemplated that there may be more thantwo expansion portions where each of the expansion portions is connectedby a bridge portion. The expansion portions 252, 254 each have angledsurfaces 258, 260. In an embodiment, the angles surfaces 258, 260 eachcomprise first end 429 and second end 431 with second end 431 beingwider than the first end 429. In an exemplary embodiment, the expansionportions 252, 254 include grooved portions 432, 434 on the edges of atleast two sides (e.g., the lateral sides) of the angled surfaces 258,260. The grooved portions 432, 434 are configured and dimensioned toengage the first and second retaining sockets 428, 430 on the endplates400, 402, 404, 406. In an exemplary embodiment, the grooved portions432, 434 retain the first and second retaining sockets 428, 430 insliding engagement.

In one embodiment, the translation member 218 includes a first end 436and a second end 438. The first end 436 of the translation memberincludes an extension 440 sized to be received within the opening 420 inthe first end 224 of the body portion 212. While not illustrated, thesecond end 438 also can include a similar extension sized to be receivedwithin opening 232 in the second end 226 of the body portion 212.

The expandable fusion device 210 of FIGS. 32-34 can be inserted into theintervertebral space in a manner similar to that the previouslydescribed with respect to FIGS. 15-20 . After insertion, the expandablefusion device 210 of FIGS. 32-34 can be expanded into the expandedposition. As previously mentioned, the fusion device 210 shown on FIGS.32-34 expands both vertically and laterally. To expand the fusion device210, the translation member 218 can be moved with respect to the bodyportion 212 toward the first end 224 of the body portion. An instrumentcan be used, in an exemplary embodiment. As the translation member 218moves, the first retaining socket 428 and the second retaining socket430 ride along the grooved portions 432, 434 of the expansion portions252, 254 pushing the endplates 400, 402, 404, 406 outwardly in thedirection indicated by arrows 442. In an embodiment, the endplates 400,402, 404, 406 move outwardly in an oblique fashion to expand the fusiondevice 210 both vertically and laterally. The expanded configuration ofthe expansion device 210 is best seen in FIG. 34 .

After expansion, the expandable fusion device 210 can be contracted backto the unexpanded configuration. The unexpanded configuration of thefusion device 210 is best seen in FIG. 34 . To contract the fusiondevice 210, the translation member 218 is moved with respect to the bodyportion 212 toward the second end 226 of the body portion 212. As thetranslation member 218 moves, the first retaining socket 428 and thesecond retaining socket 430 ride along the grooved portions 432, 434 ofthe expansion portions 252, 254 pulling the endplates 400, 402, 404, 406inwardly in a direction opposite that indicated by arrows 442. In anembodiment, the endplates 400, 402, 404, 406 move inwardly in an obliquefashion to contract the fusion device 210 both vertically and laterally.The unexpanded configuration of the expansion device 210 is best seen inFIG. 33 .

With reference to FIGS. 35-36 , another embodiment of expandable fusiondevice 210 is shown. In an exemplary embodiment, the fusion device 210includes a body portion 212, a vertically expanding plate 500, and agear 502. In this embodiment, a portion of the fusion device 210 isconfigured to expand vertically in at least one direction. In anexemplary embodiment, the vertically expanding plate 500 is configuredto expand outwardly from the body portion 212. It is contemplated thatan expandable fusion device 210 may be used to correct spinal curvaturedue to, for example, scoliosis, lordosis, and the like.

In an exemplary embodiment, the body portion 212 has a first end 224, asecond end 226, a first side portion 228 connecting the first end 224and the second end 226, and a second side portion 229 on the opposingside of the body portion 212 connecting the first end 224 and the secondend 226. The first end 224 of the body portion 212, in an exemplaryembodiment, includes at least one angled surface 234, but can includemultiple angled surfaces. The angled surface 234 can serve to distractthe adjacent vertebral bodies when the fusion device 210 is insertedinto an intervertebral space. In another preferred embodiment, it iscontemplated that there are at least two opposing angled surfacesforming a generally wedge shaped to distract the adjacent vertebralbodies when the fusion device 210 is inserted into an intervertebralspace. In yet another preferred embodiment, first side portion 228 andsecond side portion 229 each include a recess 238 located towards thesecond end 226 of the body portion 212. The recess 238 is configured anddimensioned to receive an insertion instrument 504 that assists in theinsertion of the fusion device 210 into an intervertebral space.

In an exemplary embodiment, the body portion 212 includes an upperengagement surface 506 extending from the first end 224 towards thesecond end 226, and a lower engagement surface 508 extending between thefirst end 224 and the second end 226. In an embodiment, the upperengagement surface 506 has a through opening 510. Although notillustrated, the lower engagement surface 508 may have a through openingthat is similar to through opening 510. The through opening 510, in anexemplary embodiment, is sized to receive bone graft or similar bonegrowth inducing material and further allow the bone graft or similarbone growth inducing material to be packed in the central opening in thebody portion 212. In an embodiment, at least a portion of the bodyportion 212 is removed to form a landing 512 in the body portion 212. Inan exemplary embodiment, a portion of the upper engagement surface 506and the second end 226 are removed to form the landing 512 having anupper surface 514. While not illustrated, a portion of the lowerengagement surface 508 and the second end 226 may be cut away, in analternative embodiment, to form the landing 512.

In one embodiment, the upper engagement surface 506 and the lowerengagement surface 508 are flat and generally planar to allow engagementsurfaces 506 to engage with the adjacent vertebral body 202 and thelower engagement surface 508 to engage with the adjacent vertebral body203. Alternatively, the upper engagement surface 506 and/or the lowerengagement surface 508 can be curved convexly or concavely to allow fora greater or lesser degree of engagement with the adjacent vertebralbodies 202, 203. In an exemplary embodiment, the upper engagementsurface 506 and/or the lower engagement surface includes texturing 512to aid in gripping the adjacent vertebral bodies. Although not limitedto the following, the texturing can include teeth, ridges, frictionincreasing elements, keels, or gripping or purchasing projections.

In an exemplary embodiment, vertically expanding plate 500 is coupled toan end of threaded bolt 518, which is coupled to the gear 502. In oneembodiment, the threaded bolt 518 is in threaded engagement with thegear 502. In an alternative embodiment, a bolt having ratchet teeth maybe used instead of threaded bolt 518. In an embodiment, the gear 502 iscoupled to the landing 512. In one embodiment, the gear 502 is rotatablycoupled to the landing 512.

The vertically expanding plate 500 includes a throughbore 519 and anupper surface 520. In one embodiment, the vertically expanding plate 500is generally circular in shape. Other suitable configurations of theexpanding plate 500 may also be suitable. In an embodiment, thevertically expanding plate may be generally rectangular in shape withrounded corners, as best seen in FIG. 37 . In one embodiment, thevertically expanding plate 500 is flat and generally planar to allowupper surface 520 to engage with the adjacent vertebral body 202.Alternatively, the upper surface 520 can be curved convexly or concavelyto allow for a greater or lesser degree of engagement with the adjacentvertebral bodies. In an exemplary embodiment, the upper surface 520includes texturing 522 to aid in gripping the adjacent vertebral bodies.Although not limited to the following, the texturing can include teeth,ridges, friction increasing elements, keels, or gripping or purchasingprojections.

With reference to FIG. 37 , an alternative embodiment of the expandablefusion device 210 of FIGS. 35-36 is shown. In this embodiment, the gear502 is enclosed within the body portion 212 towards the second end 226of the body portion 212 with the vertically expanding plate 500 disposedat or above the upper engagement surface 506 of the body portion 212. Inan embodiment, the vertically expanding plate 500 is positioned towardsthe second end 226 of the body portion 212. While not illustrated, thethreaded bolt 518 extends through the upper engagement surface 506 andcouples the vertically expanding plate 500 and the gear 502. An actuatorscrew 524 extends through the first end 224 of the body portion 212 toengage the gear 502.

The expandable fusion device 210 of FIGS. 35-37 can be inserted in theintervertebral space in a manner similar to that the previouslydescribed with respect to FIGS. 15-20 . FIG. 38 illustrates theexpandable fusion device 210 of FIG. 37 between adjacent vertebralbodies 202, 203 in an unexpanded position. After insertion, theexpandable fusion device 210 of FIGS. 35-37 can be expanded into theexpanded position. As previously mentioned, a portion of the fusiondevice shown on FIGS. 35-37 expands vertically in at least onedirection. To partially expand the fusion device 210, the gear 502 canbe rotated in a first direction. An instrument 526 having a gear 528disposed on a distal end 530 of the instrument may be used to rotate thegear 502, as best seen on FIG. 36 . In another embodiment, an instrument(not illustrated) may be used to rotate actuation member 524 in a firstdirection. As discussed above, the actuation member 524 is engaged withgear 502; thus, as the actuation member 524 is rotated in firstdirection, the gear 502 rotated in a first direction. The embodimentwith the actuation member 524 is best seen in FIG. 37 . As the gear 502rotates, the threaded bolt 518 extends outward from the gear 502, thusextending the laterally expanding plate 500 outward from the bodyportion 212. FIG. 39 illustrates the expandable fusion device 210 ofFIG. 37 in an expanded position.

After expansion, the expandable fusion device 210 can be contracted backto the unexpanded position. The unexpanded position of the fusion device210 is best seen in FIG. 38 . To contract the fusion device 210, thegear 502 is rotated in a second direction that is opposite the firstdirection. The instrument 526 with the gear 528 may be used to rotatethe gear 502. Alternatively, an instrument may be used to rotate theactuation member 524 to turn the gear 502 in the second direction. Asthe gear 502 rotates in the second direction, the threaded bolt 518retracts pulling the laterally expanding plate 500 inward into theunexpanded position.

In some embodiments, the fusion devices 210 can include additionalfeatures that provide additional benefits such as preventing screwloosening and added stability. These embodiments are discussed below.

FIGS. 40 and 41 show different views of a fusion device 210 including anadvantageous interference nut 610 and stabilization members 622, 624according to some embodiments. The fusion device 210 includes manyfeatures similar to the above-described devices, including a bodyportion 212, a first endplate 214, a second endplate 216, a translationmember 218, and an actuation member 220. The first endplate 214 caninclude a pair of openings 243 a and 243 b through which bone graftmaterial can be received or deposited. Likewise, the second endplate 16can have similar openings, although they are not shown from theillustrated viewpoints. In addition to these features, the fusion device210 includes a novel interference nut 610 that is operably attached to arear section of the body portion 212, as well as a pair of stabilizationmembers 622, 624.

FIG. 40 illustrates an exploded view of the alternative fusion device210, while FIG. 41 shows a top view of the same device with the firstendplate 214 removed. As shown in both views, the translation member 218includes three expansion portions 251, 252, and 254, which are connectedvia bridge portions 256. The expansion portions 251, 252, and 254 eachhave angled surfaces that are configured to engage grooved portions ofthe first and second endplates 214 and 216. In some embodiments, theangled surfaces are of similar angles, while in other embodiments, theangled surfaces are of different angles. Advantageously, by providing atleast three expansion portions 251, 252 and 254, this allows for an evenexpansion along a majority of the length of the body portion 212 of thefusion device 210.

The translation member 218 is received in the central opening of thebody portion 212. The body portion 212 can include a first end 224 and asecond end 226. In some embodiments, the first end 224 includes one ormore apertures 602, 604 as shown in FIGS. 40 and 41 . These apertures602, 604 advantageously receive one or more stabilization members 622,624.

In some embodiments, the stabilization members 622, 624 each include afirst substantially smooth portion 632, 634 and a second threadedportion 634, 644. The stabilization members 622, 624 can be insertedthrough the apertures 602, 604 of the body portion 212, with thethreaded portions 634, 644 serving as the leading end that enters theapertures. After passing through the apertures 602, 604 of the bodyportion 212, the stabilization members 622, 624 can come into contactwith a side of the translation member 218. In some embodiments, thethreaded portions 634, 644 of the stabilization members 622, 624 can bethreaded into mateable threaded surfaces of the translation member 218.Advantageously, by using a pair of stabilization members 622, 624 asshown in FIGS. 40 and 41 on a first end of the body portion 212, thisserves to prevent rocking of the body portion 212 during expansion andcontraction of the device 210.

While the illustrated embodiment in FIGS. 40 and 41 show a pair ofstabilization members 622, 624, in other embodiments, a singlestabilization member or more than two stabilization members can be usedto assist in preventing rocking of the body portion 212. In addition,while the stabilization members 622, 624 are illustrated as having asubstantially cylindrical surface section, in other embodiments, thestabilization members 622, 624 can assume other shapes and geometries.For example, in other embodiments, the stabilization members 622, 624can have a surface that includes at least one edge or corner.

As shown in FIGS. 40 and 41 , the body portion 212 also includes aninterference nut 610 that is positioned within a rear section of thebody portion 212. In some embodiments, the interference nut 610 isseparate and removable from the body portion 212, while in otherembodiments, the interference nut 610 is not removable from the bodyportion 212. In some embodiments, the interference nut 610 comprises asquare nut that is operably connected to a rear section of the bodyportion 212. The interference nut 610 can be mateably connected to arear of the body portion 212, for example, via a dove-tail type cut thatencapsulates the interference nut. The interference nut 610 can beadvantageously formed of a biocompatible material. In some embodiments,the interference nut 610 is formed of PEEK.

The interference nut 610 can include a hole (not shown) that is capableof receiving the actuation member 220 therethrough. The actuation member220, which can comprise a threaded set screw, passes through theinterference nut 610 and into contact with the translation member 218,as best shown in FIG. 41 . Advantageously, the interference nut 610serves to add drag to the actuation member 220 as it passestherethrough, thereby establishing an interference fit. By providing aninterference fit, the risk of the actuation member 220 being loosenedprior to or during use is minimized.

FIGS. 42-44 show different views of an alternative fusion device 210including novel side stabilization members 652, 654 and a low profileactuation member 220. The fusion device 210 includes many featuressimilar to the above-described devices, including a body portion 212, atranslation member 218, and an actuation member 220. The fusion device210 can also include a first endplate 214 and a second endplate 216 forcontacting vertebral surfaces, as best shown in FIG. 44 . Both the firstendplate 214 and second endplate 216 can include a pair of openingsthrough which bone graft material can be received or deposited. Inaddition to these features, the fusion device 210 includes novel sidestabilization members 652, 654 that are introduced through side slots213 and 214 of the body portion 212. The fusion device 210 also includesa configuration that allows the actuation member 220 to be of lowprofile, as shown in FIG. 42 .

FIG. 42 illustrates a top view of the alternative fusion device 210having side stabilization members with the first endplate 214 removed,while FIG. 43 illustrates a perspective view of the same device. FIG. 44illustrates a side cross-sectional view of the alternative fusion device210 having side stabilization members. As shown in all three views, thetranslation member 218 includes three expansion portions 251, 252, and254, which are connected via bridge portions 256. The expansion portions251, 252, and 254 each have angled surfaces that are configured toengage grooved portions of the first and second endplates 214 and 216.In some embodiments, the angled surfaces are of similar angles, while inother embodiments, the angled surfaces can be of different angles.Advantageously, by providing at least three expansion portions 251, 252and 254, this allows for an even expansion along a majority of thelength of the body portion 212 of the fusion device 210.

The translation member 218 is received in the central opening of thebody portion 212. The body portion 212 can include sidewalls that extendbetween the first end 224 and a second end 226. As shown in FIG. 43 ,each of the sidewalls can include side slots 213, 214 for receiving oneor more side stabilization members 652, 654.

In some embodiments, the side stabilization members 652, 654 are similarto the stabilization members 622, 624 (shown in FIG. 40 ). That is, theside stabilization members 652, 654 can include a threaded portion and asubstantially smooth portion. The side stabilization members 652 can beinserted through the side slots 213, 214 of the body portion 212 and canoperably attach (e.g., via threads) to the translation member 218.Advantageously, the side slots 213, 214 help to provide rotationalstability to the translation member 218 relative to the body portion 212prior to or during use of the fusion device 210.

In addition to providing side stabilization members, the fusion device210 provides a configuration that includes a low profile actuationmember 220. Advantageously, as shown in FIG. 42 , the actuation member220 (which can comprise a screw) can have a head portion that issubstantially flush against the surface of the body portion 212, while adistal portion 221 of the actuation member 220 can extend through a wallof the translation member 218.

As shown in FIG. 44 , in some embodiments, the actuation member 220 cancomprise a set screw 772 accompanied by a flange 773 and an actuationelement 774. The set screw 772 and actuation element 774 can both bethreaded. Upon rotation of the set screw 772, the actuation element 774is threaded forward, thereby pushing the first endplate 214 upwardly andthe second endplate 216 downwardly to cause expansion of the actuationmember 220. The flange 773, which can be cylindrical, advantageouslyresists the opposing forces as the actuation element 774 is threadedforward, thereby helping to keep the fusion device 210 in an expandedconfiguration. Upon reverse rotation of the set screw 772, the fusiondevice 210 can collapse. As shown in FIG. 44 , a blocking nut 771 can beprovided that is threaded onto the back side of the set screw 772 tosecure the set screw into place when the device 210 is collapsed.

Additional embodiments of an expandable fusion device 210 are shown inFIGS. 49 and 50 . This fusion device 210 incorporates a ring member 802into a pocket 820 formed in the translation member 218.

The fusion device 210 in FIGS. 49 and 50 include many features similarto the above-described devices, including a body portion 212, a firstendplate 214, a second endplate 216, a translation member 218, anactuation member 220, and a pin member 290. The first endplate 214 caninclude one or more openings through which bone graft material can bereceived or deposited. Likewise, the second endplate 216 can havesimilar openings, although they are not shown from the illustratedviewpoints. The translation member 218 can be comprised of one or moreramped expansion portions, such as expansion portions 251 and 252, whichare configured to assist in expansion and contraction of the fusiondevice 210, as discussed above.

In addition to these features, the fusion device 210 incorporates a ringmember 802 that is positioned between the actuation member 220 and thetranslation member 218. In some embodiments, the ring member 802 isreceived in a pocket 820 that is formed in one of the expansion portions(such as expansion portion 251) of the translation member 218. As shownin FIG. 50 , the ring member 802 can comprise a closed annular body thatcan be received in a similarly shaped recess 820 formed in the body ofan expansion portion 251 of the translation member 218. Each ofexpansion portion 251, ring member 802 and actuation member 220 can beplaced over a pin member 290.

In some embodiments, the ring member 802 can be formed of a materialthat is different from the translation member 218 and/or actuationmember 220. For example, while in some embodiments the translationmember 18 and/or actuation member 220 are comprised of a metal, such asa biocompatible stainless steel, titanium or metal alloy, the ringmember 802 can be formed of a polymer such as polyether ether ketone(PEEK). The advantage of providing a PEEK ring member 802 is that a morelubricious material is positioned between the face of the actuationmember 220 and the surface of the translation member 218, therebyreducing the friction between the two parts. With the PEEK ring member's802 reduced coefficient of friction, this increases the amount of forcetransmitted when the actuation member 220 is screwed into thetranslation member 218, thereby increasing the amount of expansion forceprovided to the ramped translation member 218. In some embodiments, theuse of a PEEK ring member between the interface of the actuation member220 and translation member 218 increases the expansion force of theramped translation member 218 while using the same force as would beapplied if the PEEK ring member was not in place. In some embodiments,the use of a PEEK ring member between the translation member 218 andactuation member 220 provides a buffer that can prevent galling thatwould occur due to metal-on-metal contact between the translation memberand actuation member.

In some embodiments, rather than receive an insert in the shape of ringmember 802, the translation member 218 can receive an insert having adifferent shape. For example, the translation member 218 can include oneor more recesses that accommodate a wedge-shaped PEEK member between thetranslation member 218 and the actuation member 220. Like the ringmember 802, the wedge-shaped PEEK member can also serve as a lubriciousmaterial that reduces the friction between the translation member 218and the actuation member 220.

In addition, in some embodiments, an insert can be placed between thetranslation member 218 and actuation member 220 without having to form arecess in the translation member. For example, a PEEK washer can beprovided between the interface of the translation member 218 andactuation member 220.

Although the preceding discussions only discussed having a single fusiondevice 210 in the intervertebral space, it is contemplated that morethan one fusion device 210 can be inserted in the intervertebral space.It is further contemplated that each fusion device 210 does not have tobe finally installed in the fully expanded state. Rather, depending onthe location of the fusion device 210 in the intervertebral disc space,the height of the fusion device 210 may vary from unexpanded to fullyexpanded.

In some embodiments, the fusion devices 210 can be put into place withthe assistance of a novel expandable trial member. The expandable trialmember can be used prior to inserting an expandable fusion device inbetween vertebral bodies to obtain an accurate size measurement for thefusion device. The expandable trial member can help a user determine afusion device of an appropriate size to use in a vertebra.Advantageously, the novel expandable trial member disclosed herein isconfigured such that the amount of distraction force applied to thetrial member is linear and constant over its entire expansion range.

FIGS. 45-48 show different perspectives of an expandable trial memberaccording to some embodiments. FIG. 45 illustrates a perspective view ofthe trial member in a non-expanded configuration. FIG. 46 illustrates aside cross-sectional view of the trial member in an expandedconfiguration. FIG. 47 illustrates a top view of the trial member. FIG.48 shows an exploded view of the trial member.

As shown in the figures, the expandable trial member 700 comprises abody portion 712, an upper endplate 714, a lower endplate 716, atranslation member 718 and an actuation member 720. The trial member 700is configured such that when the actuation member 720 (shown in FIG. 46) is pulled in a backward or proximal direction toward a handle portion782 (shown in FIG. 47 ), inner shaft or rod member 722 (shown in FIG. 46) will push forward and cause inner ramped surfaces of the translationmember 718 to translate relative to inner angled grooves cut into theupper endplate 714 and/or lower endplate 716, thereby causing expansionof the trial member 700. When the actuation member 720 is pushed in aforward or distal direction away from the handle portion 782, the trialmember 700 can collapse. In other embodiments, distal movement of theactuation member 720 can result in expansion of the expandable trialmember, while proximal movement of the actuation member 720 can resultin collapse of the trial member. The configuration of the trial member700 thus allows pushing and pulling of the actuation member 720 toactuate the shaft or inner rod 722, thereby causing expansion orcontraction of the trial member 700. Advantageously, because movementalong the ramped surfaces of the upper endplate 714 and lower endplate716 cause expansion or contraction, the amount of distraction force islinear over the entire expansion range of the trial member 700.

The expandable trial member 700 includes an upper endplate 714 and alower endplate 716. As shown best in FIG. 46 , both the upper endplate714 and lower endplate 716 can include one or more surface grooves 780.While the trial member 700 need not remain over an extended period oftime within a vertebra, the surface grooves 780 advantageously help toretain the trial member 700 within a vertebra during its operationaluse.

A body portion 712 can be placed in between the upper endplate 714 andlower endplate 716. The body portion 712 can include a sloped orchamfered anterior portion 734 (shown in FIG. 45 ) that assists indistraction of vertebral bodies.

Within the body portion 712, the translation member 718 can be receivedtherein. As shown best in FIG. 48 , the translation member 718 includesa plurality of upper ramped surfaces 751, 752 and 754 and a plurality oflower ramped surfaces 756, 757 and 758. As shown in FIG. 45 , the upperand lower endplates 714 and 716 can include one or more holes 711 thataccommodate the upper and lower ramped surfaces when the trial member700 is in a closed configuration. The upper ramped surfaces and lowerramped surfaces are configured to slidably mate with correspondinggrooves (such as upper grooves 746 and 748 and lower groove 749 shown inFIG. 46 ). When the actuation member 720 is pulled distally, the upperramped surfaces slide downwardly through the grooves and the lowerramped surfaces slide upwardly through the grooves, thereby causing theexpandable trial member 700 to expand from its closed configuration,shown in FIG. 45 , to an expanded configuration, shown in FIG. 46 .

In some embodiments, the body portion 712 can include a pair of sideslots 713, as shown in FIG. 45 . The side slots 713 are configured toeach receive a side stabilization member 762. In some embodiments, thestabilization members 762 comprise stabilizer screws that contact thetranslation member 718. Advantageously, the stabilization members 762help keep the translation member 718 centered inside the body portion712 to prevent twisting as it translates forward and backwards.

In some embodiments, the trial member 700 is configured to expand tohave a trial height that is at least fifty percent higher than a heightof the trial member 700 in its closed configuration. In otherembodiments, the trial member 700 is configured to expand to have atrial height that is at least two times the height of the trial member700 in its closed configuration. By having a trial member 700 with awide variety of expansion configurations, a user can advantageouslychoose a properly sized fusion implant to accommodate a number ofdifferent patients of different sizes.

FIGS. 51-55 show different views of some embodiments of a proximalportion 750 of a trial member 700. In some embodiments, the trial member700 can be a single piece that extends from a proximal end to a distalend. In other embodiments, which are reflected in FIGS. 51-55 , theproximal portion 750 can comprise a removable handle portion 782 that isconfigured to operably attach to a body of the trial member 700.Advantageously, by providing a removable handle portion 782, this helpsto facilitate easier cleaning of the trial member 700. The proximalportion 750 is configured to assist in movement of the inner shaft 722of the trial member, thereby causing expansion and contraction of thetrial member upper and lower endplates. In addition, the proximalportion 750 can comprise a novel locking member that operably mates theproximal portion 750 to the inner shaft 722, thereby allowing the innershaft 722 to be pulled back. Once the upper and lower endplates of thetrial member are separated a desired distance, the trial member 700 canbe removed, and an appropriately sized expandable implant can beinserted based on the separation distance between the upper and lowerendplates.

In the trial member 700 shown in FIG. 51 , the removable proximalportion 750 is configured to operably attach to a body of the trialmember (such as shown in FIG. 47 ). The proximal portion 750 iscomprised of a handle 782 in the form of a housing member, a removableengagement insert 816, and a slidable locking member 740. The interiorof the proximal portion 750 is configured to have a threaded insert 816that mates with an exterior threaded surface 724 along the body of thetrial member 700. As the proximal portion 750 is rotatably threaded ontothe body portion, a surface of the slidable locking member 740 pushesagainst the inner shaft 722 (shown in FIG. 53 as within the exteriorthreaded surface 724), thereby causing expansion of the trial memberendplates.

The body of the handle portion 782 is configured to receive a threadedinsert 816 therein. While in some embodiments, the threaded insert 816is comprised of the same material as the exterior threaded surface 724of the body, in other embodiments, the threaded insert 816 and threadedsurface 724 are of different materials. For example, in someembodiments, the threaded insert 816 can be a polymer, such as PEEK,while the exterior threaded surface 724 can be a metal, such asstainless steel. One skilled in the art will appreciate that othermaterials can also be used. By providing a PEEK insert 816 that threadsonto the metal threads, this advantageously reduces the friction betweenthe two components, thereby reducing the amount of work that is absorbedby the two components and increasing the expansion forces transmitted tothe endplates. In addition, the use of a threaded PEEK insert 816 onmetal prevents thread galling over multiple uses under high loading. Toprevent rotation of the insert 816, pin members 826 can be provided tocontact the surface of the insert 816 along with the inner wall of thehandle portion 782 (as shown in FIG. 54 ). As shown in FIG. 55 , aplurality of pin members 826 can be provided that align with thelongitudinal axis of the insert 816 to prevent rotation of the insert816.

As the insert 816 of the removable proximal portion 750 is rotatablythreaded onto the exterior threads of the body of the trial member, asurface of the slidable locking member 740 pushes against the innershaft 722 of trial member, thereby causing expansion of the endplates.Reverse rotation of the threads of the insert 816 will result incontraction of the endplates. In some embodiments, the slidable lockingmember 740 can be moved from an unlocked to a locked configuration suchthat the inner shaft 722 is operably mated with the proximal portion 750via the locking member 740. More details regarding the slidable lockingmember 740 are discussed below.

FIG. 39 illustrates the proximal portion 750 of the trial member withthe slidable locking member 740 in an unlocked configuration, while FIG.54 illustrates the proximal portion 750 of the trial member with theslidable locking member 740 in a locked configuration. In the unlockedconfiguration, the proximal portion 750 is able to translate along thebody of the trial member, thereby pushing on the inner shaft 722 andcausing expansion of the trial member endplates. In the lockedconfiguration, the proximal portion 750 is operably mated to the innershaft 722, thereby allowing the inner shaft 722 to be pulled back viathe proximal portion 750 in situ.

The slidable locking member 7540 comprises an insert attached to theproximal portion 750 of the trial member. In some embodiments, thelocking member 740 comprises a J-shaped or hook-shaped body that isconfigured to slide up and down in order to provide unlocked and lockedconfigurations, as shown in FIGS. 51 and 52 respectively. The body ofthe locking member 740 can include a nub 749 (identified in FIGS. 53 and54 ) that can be received in a snap-fit into corresponding grooves 751 aand 751 b formed in the proximal portion 750. When the nub 749 is ingroove 751 a, the locking member 740 is in an unlocked configuration.When the nub 749 is in groove 751 b, the locking member 740 is in alocked configuration.

As shown in FIG. 54 , the hook-shaped body of the locking member 740also includes a mating end 747 that can be received in a complementarymating portion 723 of the inner shaft 722. When the mating end 747 isreceived in the mating portion 723 of the inner shaft 722, thisadvantageously mates the proximal portion 750 to the inner shaft 722,thereby allowing the inner shaft 722 to be pulled back in situ ifdesired.

In some embodiments, the locking member 740 is of the same material assurfaces of the proximal portion 750 and/or the inner shaft 722. Inother embodiments, the locking member 740 is of a different materialfrom surfaces of the proximal portion 750 and/or the inner shaft 722.For example, the locking member 740 can be formed of a polymer such asPEEK, while an adjacent surface of the proximal portion 750 is a metalsuch as stainless steel. By providing a locking member 740 that is of alubricious material such as PEEK, this advantageously reduces thefriction between the locking member 740 and adjacent surfaces, therebyresulting in less galling between adjacent surfaces.

Various methods are provided for utilizing fusion devices and trialmembers are provided. In some embodiments, a cavity is formed in avertebral space between two vertebrae. An expandable trial memberincluding a first endplate, a second endplate, a translation member withramped surfaces, a body portion and an actuation member can be provided.In an unexpanded form, the trial member can be introduced into thevertebral space. Once in the vertebral space, the actuation member canbe rotated, thereby causing expansion of the first endplate and secondendplate via motion of the translation member. With the trial member inthe vertebral space, an assessment can be made as to the proper size ofan expandable fusion device.

Once the trial member is removed, an expandable fusion device comprisinga first endplate, a second endplate, a translation member with rampedsurfaces, a body portion and an actuation member can be provided.Optionally, the trial member can include an interference nut that isattached to a rear section of the body portion, one or more front orside stabilization members, a flange, a blocking nut, or combinationsthereof. The expandable fusion device can be inserted into the vertebralspace in an unexpanded form. Once in the vertebral space, the actuationmember of the fusion device can be rotated, thereby causing expansion ofthe first endplate and second endplate via motion of the translationmember. Once in its expanded form, the fusion device is kept in placeand can remain in the vertebral space for an extended period of time.

In some embodiments, an instrument can be provided to deliver andactuate a fusion device as described above. Advantageously, theinstrument can hold or grasp the fusion device to assist in insertingthe fusion device in a desired location within a vertebral space. Inaddition, the instrument can advantageously be cannulated to provide aspace for a driver to actuate or expand the fusion device. While theinstrument is described with respect to any of the fusion devicesdescribed above, one skilled in the art will appreciate that theinstrument should not be limited to these specific devices, and that thebenefits of any instrument described herein can be used with respect toother implants as well.

FIG. 56 illustrates an instrument for delivering and actuating a fusiondevice. In some embodiments, the instrument 900 includes an insertertube 920, an inserter fork 905 having gripping fingers 908 that isslidable relative to the inserter tube 920, a coupler 950 and a handle960. The instrument 900 is advantageously capable of both gripping afusion device for insertion, and providing a driver therethrough toactuate (e.g., expand or contract) the fusion device. In addition, eachof the components—the inserter fork, inserter tube, coupler andhandle—can be removed from another in order to facilitate easy cleaning.More details regarding the components of the instrument 900 arediscussed below.

FIGS. 57A-57C illustrate a distal portion of an instrument in theprocess of engaging a fusion device for delivery and actuation. Theinstrument 900 comprises an inserter fork 905 having tines or fingers908 that can hold or grasp a portion of the fusion device 10. Theinserter fork 905 slides relative to an inserter tube 920, therebycausing the fingers 908 to close or open to either grip or release thefusion device 10.

As shown in FIGS. 57A-57C, the instrument 900 comprises an inserter fork905 for engaging and gripping recessed surfaces 44 on the fusion device10. The inserter fork 905 comprises fingers 908 for holding the fusiondevice 10. In some embodiments, the fingers 908 can include additionalprotrusions 909 that can be fitted into scalloped or deepened recessedsurfaces 45 formed on the sides of the fusion device. The addedprotrusions 909 can advantageously help to further secure the fingers908 to the fusion device 10. In other embodiments, the additionalprotrusions 909 on the fingers 908 are absent. The fingers 908 on theinserter fork 905 are formed on a distal portion of the instrument 900.

In some embodiments, the fingers 908 extend distally from a shaftportion 910 of the inserter fork 905. The shaft portion 910 surroundsand encloses an inner space or lumen 930, through which a driver can beinserted to expand and contract the fusion device 10. As discussed inmore detail below, the instrument 900 can thus hold the fusion device 10in place and deliver a driver to expand the fusion device 10 in aconvenient fashion.

The inserter fork 905 can slide distally and proximally relative to aninserter tube 920, thereby causing the fingers 908 to open and close.FIG. 57A illustrates the fingers 908 of the inserter fork in an “open”configuration, in which the fingers 908 are capable of receiving thefusion device 10 therebetween. FIG. 57B illustrates the fingers 908 ofthe inserter fork in a “closed” configuration, in which the fingers 908have clamped down on the fusion device 10. To move the inserter fork 905from the open to closed configuration, the inserter fork 905 can slideproximally relative to the inserter tube 920, such that a distal portionof the inserter tube 920 is positioned over a proximal portion of thefingers 908. This causes the fingers 908 to close and contract on thefusion device 10 (as shown in FIG. 57B). To release the fusion device 10from the fingers 908, the inserter fork 905 can slide in an oppositedirection relative to the inserter tube 920.

In some embodiments, the relative movement between the inserter fork 905and the inserter tube 920 is controlled by threads on both components.Inserter fork 905 can have threads 906 that engage corresponding threads921 on the inserter tube 920 (as shown in FIG. 59 ). The inserter tube920 can be threadingly rotated in a proximal or distal directionrelative to the inserter fork 905, thereby causing opening and closingof the fingers 908 as desired.

Once the fingers 908 of the inserter fork 905 are secured to the fusiondevice (as shown in FIG. 57B), a driver, such as a hex driver, can beinserted through the lumen 930 that extends between the inserter fork905 and the inserter tube 920. FIG. 57C illustrates a driver 945inserted through the lumen 930. The driver 945 is configured to engageand actuate the actuation member 22. Rotation of the driver 945, andthus, the actuation member 22, in one direction causes the fusion device10 to expand, while rotation in the opposite direction causes the fusiondevice 10 to contract. The instrument 900 thus advantageously provides aconvenient means to both hold and secure the fusion device 10 (e.g., viathe fingers 905) while simultaneously delivering a driver 945therethrough to expand or contract the fusion device 10. In addition, byproviding an inner lumen 930 for the driver 945, this provides a cleanpathway for the driver 945 with little to no tissue interference.

In addition to having a novel cooperating inserter fork 905 and insertertube 920, the instrument 900 can also include a novel handle 950, asshown in FIGS. 58A and 58B. A surgeon can hold the handle 950 toadvantageously stabilize and maintain control of the instrument in oroutside of the body.

As shown in FIGS. 58A and 58B, the handle 950 can be accompanied by acoupler 960 which is configured to receive a portion of the inserterfork 905 therein. FIG. 58A illustrates the inserter fork 905 outside ofthe coupler 960, while FIG. 58B illustrates the inserter fork 905received within the coupler 960. Once the inserter fork 905 is receivedin the coupler 960, a set screw within the handle (shown in FIG. 59 anddiscussed below) can be downwardly threaded to secure the handle 950 tothe inserter fork 905. Thus, the inserter fork 905, inserter tube 920and handle 950 can all be viewed as separate components that are capableof assembly or disassembly, thereby advantageously allowing easycleaning of each of the components.

FIG. 59 is a side cross-sectional view of a proximal portion of aninstrument including a handle 950, a coupler 960 and an inserter fork905. From this view, one can see how the inserter fork 905 is receivedin the coupler 960. As shown in FIG. 59 , in some embodiments, theinserter fork 905 can have one or more flats 909 (e.g., two, three, fouror more) machined into its surface. The flats 909 are advantageouslyprovided to direct the orientation of the coupler 960 (and thus thehandle 950) relative to the fusion device 10. In some embodiments, thecoupler 960 can be positioned over the flats 909 such that the handle950 can be oriented in two directions—either parallel to the implant orperpendicular to the implant. In other embodiments, the inserter fork905 is provided with even more flats 909 such that the handle 950 can beoriented in more than two directions. By providing the handle with theability to have multiple orientations, this advantageously provides asurgeon with more options when using the instrument. In someembodiments, the coupler can include an orientation pin 961 that canglide over the flats 909 (and not on other surfaces), thereby helping tofurther orient the coupler and handle relative to the fusion device 10.

As shown in FIG. 59 , a threaded set screw 952 is provided within thehandle 950. The set screw 952 is configured to have outer threads thatengage with complementary threads 962 of the coupler 962, therebyallowing upward and downward movement of the handle 950 relative to thecoupler 962. As the handle 950 is moved downwardly, a distal portion ofthe set screw 952 contacts and engages a surface (e.g., the flats) ofthe inserter fork 905, thereby securing the handle 950 to the inserterfork 905.

FIGS. 60A-60C illustrate an alternative embodiment of an inserter tubeof an instrument according to some embodiments. As shown in FIG. 60A,the alternate inserter tube 920 includes a flared distal portion 924.The advantage of the flared distal portion 924 is that it provides formore surface engagement over the inserter fork 905, thereby preventingthe inserting fork 905 from accidental splaying and disengagement fromthe fusion device 10.

FIGS. 60B and 60C illustrate a proximal portion of the alternateinserter tube 920. From these views, one can see that the alternateinserter tube 920 can be formed of a first sleeve portion 928 and asecond sleeve portion 929 that is mateable to the first sleeve portion928. The first sleeve portion 928 can have a first mateable portion 932and the second sleeve portion 929 can have a second mateable portion 933that is coupled to the first mateable portion 932. As shown in FIG. 60C,the first mateable portion 932 and the second mateable portion 933 cancomprise complementary flanges or lips.

As shown in FIG. 60B, the second sleeve portion 929 of the alternateinserter tube 920 can have inner threads that mate with threads on theinserter fork. When the first sleeve portion 928 and second sleeveportion 929 are mated on the inserter fork, rotation of the secondsleeve portion 929 (e.g., via its threads) relative to the inserter forkcan help translate the first sleeve portion 928 back and forth along thelength of the inserter fork. Accordingly, the entire body of thealternate inserter tube 920, including the flared distal portion 924,can be translated along the length of the inserter fork.

With reference now to FIGS. 61-66 , the expandable member 1004 will nowbe described in more detail in accordance with example embodiments. Itis contemplated that the expandable member 1004 can be made from aflexible material, such as PEEK, or any other biocompatible materialsuch as stainless steel or titanium. However, other materials may alsobe used for the expandable member 1004 in accordance with embodiments ofthe present invention. As illustrated, the expandable member 1004 mayinclude two or more arms, such as first arm 1038 and second arm 1040,separated by a channel 1042. The expandable member 1004 may furtherinclude a fixed end 1044 and an expandable end 1046 with the channel1042 running between the first and second arms 1038, 1040 from the fixedend 1044 to the expandable end 1046. The first arm 1038 and the secondarm 1040 may be connected at the fixed end 1044 which links the firstand second arms 1038, 1040. The first and second arms 1038, 1040 maymove substantially independent from one another at the expandable end1046 while remaining connected at the fixed end 1044. As illustrated,the first and second arms 1038, 1040 may be separated by the channel1042. In the illustrated embodiment, the channel 1042 ends at the fixedend 1044 in a slightly larger diameter which acts a hinge duringexpansion of the fusion device 1000. Markers 1058 (FIG. 61 ) may beseated in recesses (such as blind holes 1060 shown on FIG. 66 ) formedin each of the first and second arms 1038, 1040 to, for example, toassist in imaging of the device, such as fluoroscopy. In addition, theexpandable member 1004 may also include a posterior opening 1062 in thefixed end 1044, such as a cylindrical bore, through which the actuationmember 1008 can extend, as best seen in FIGS. 63 and 65 .

As best seen in FIGS. 63, 65, and 66 , the first and second arms 1038,1040 of the expandable member 1004 each include ramped surfaces 1048,1050, respectively. In the illustrated embodiment, the ramped surfaces1048, 1050 are at or near the expandable end 1046. In the illustratedembodiment, the first and second arms 1038 each include one rampedsurface (e.g., ramped surface 1048 and ramped surface 1050), but caninclude any number of ramped surfaces.

In the illustrated embodiment, the first and second arms 1038, 1040 eachinclude bone engagement surfaces 1052, 1054, respectively, that faceoutward. As illustrated, the bone engagement surfaces 1052, 1054 may beflat and generally planar to allow for engagement of the first andsecond arms 1038 with the adjacent vertebral bodies 2, 3 (e.g., shown onFIG. 1 ). Alternatively (not illustrated), the bone engagement surfaces1052, 1054 may be curved convexly or concavely to allow for a greater orless degree of engagement with the adjacent vertebral bodies 2, 3. Italso contemplated that the bone engagement surfaces 1052, 1054 may begenerally planar, but include a generally straight ramped or a curvedramped surface. The ramped surface may allow for an even greater degreeof angled expansion. In some embodiments, the bone engagement surfaces1052, 1054 may include texturing 1056 to aid in gripping the adjacentvertebral bodies 2, 3. Although not limited to the following, thetexturing can include teeth, ridges, friction increasing elements,keels, or gripping or purchasing projections.

With reference now to FIGS. 61, 63, and 65 , the ramped translationmember 1006 will now be described in more detail in accordance withexample embodiments. As illustrated, the ramped translation member 1006includes a first expansion portion 1064 and a second expansion portion1066, the first and second expansion portions 1064, 1066 being connectedby one or more bridge portions 1068. It is also contemplated that theremay be more than two expansion portions. The first expansion portion1064 may have ramped surfaces 1070, 1072, which may be dimensioned andconfigured to engage the ramped surfaces 1048, 1050 in the expandableend 1046 of the expansion member 1004. In the illustrated embodiment,the first expansion portion 1064 includes two ramped surfaces 1070,1072. In the illustrated embodiment, the ramped surfaces 1070, 1072 ofthe first expansion portion 1064 are rear facing. With additionalreference to FIGS. 62 and 67 , an embodiment further includes one ormore screws 1074 that are received in the first expansion portion 1064with the screws 1074 being threaded through openings 1076 in theposterior end 1012 of the body portion 1002 to stabilize the rampedtranslation member 1006 in the internal cavity 1018 of the body portion1002. The ramped translation member 1006, in an exemplary embodiment,may further include an opening 1080, such as a cylindrical bore, sizedto receive the actuation member 1008. In the illustrated embodiment, theopening 1080 is disposed in the second expansion portion 1066.

With reference to FIGS. 61, 63, and 65 , the actuation member 1008 willnow be described in more detail in accordance with example embodiments.In an exemplary embodiment, the actuation member 1008 has a first end1082 and a second end 1084. As illustrated, the actuation member 1008may include a head portion 1086 at the second end 1084 and a extensionportion 1088 extending from the head portion. Threading 1090 disposed onthe extension portion 1088 should threadingly engage correspondingthreading 1092 along a portion of the opening 1080 of the rampedtranslation member 1006. In another embodiment (not shown), theactuation member 1008 may include ratchet teeth instead of the threading1090 with the ratchet teach engaging corresponding ratchet teeth in theopening 1080 of the ramped translation member 1006. The second end 1084includes a recess 1094 dimensioned to receive an instrument (not shown)that is capable of rotating or otherwise moving the actuation member1008.

As illustrated, the head portion 1086 of the actuation member 1008 mayfurther include a flange 1096 or other suitable projection. In someembodiments, the flange 1096 of the actuation member 608 may engage themechanical stop 1032 projecting from the interior surface 1034 of theopening 1023 in the body portion 1002. Engagement of the flange 1096with the mechanical stop 1032 may restrict forward movement of theactuation member 1008 into the opening 1023 in the body portion 1002. Asillustrated, a ring 1098 (e.g., a PEEK ring) may be disposed between themechanical stop 1032 and the flange 1096 to reduce friction between theactuation member 1008 and the body portion 1002, for example, when thefusion device 1000 is actuated, such as by rotation of the actuationmember 1008, for example. As further illustrated, a retaining ring 1099may be used to engage the head portion 1086 and hold the actuationmember 1008 in the opening 1023 in the body portion 1002, for example,preventing threading out of the actuation member 608 when rotated. Theretaining ring 1099 may be disposed in the internal groove 1036 in theopening 1023 of the body portion 1002, for example. In one embodiment,the retaining ring 1099 may be a snap ring.

Turning now to FIGS. 61, 62-65 and 67 , an example method of installingthe expandable fusion device 1000 is now discussed. Prior to insertionof the fusion device 1000, the intervertebral space is prepared. In onemethod of installation, a diskectomy is performed where theintervertebral disc, in its entirety, is removed. Alternatively, only aportion of the intervertebral disc can be removed. The endplates of theadjacent vertebral bodies 2, 3 (shown on FIG. 1 , for example) are thenscraped to create an exposed end surface for facilitating bone growthacross the intervertebral space. The expandable fusion device 1000 isthen introduced into the intervertebral space, with the anterior end1010 of the body portion 1002 being inserted first into the disc spacefollowed by the posterior end 1012. In an exemplary method, the fusiondevice 600 is in the unexpanded position when introduced into theintervertebral space. The wedged-shaped of the anterior end 1010 in theillustrated embodiment should assist in distracting the adjacentvertebral bodies 2, 3, if necessary. This allows for the option ofhaving little to no distraction of the intervertebral space prior to theinsertion of the fusion device 1000. In another exemplary method, theintervertebral space may be distracted prior to insertion of the fusiondevice 1000. The distraction provide some benefits by providing greateraccess to the surgical site making removal of the intervertebral disceasier and making scraping of the endplates of the vertebral bodies 2, 3easier.

With the fusion device 1000 inserted into and seated in the appropriateposition in the intervertebral disc space, the fusion device 1000 canthen be expanded into the expanded position, as best seen in FIGS. 62-65. FIGS. 62 and 63 show the fusion device 1000 prior to expansion whileFIGS. 64 and 65 show the fusion device 1000 in the expanded position. Toexpand the fusion device 1000, an instrument is engaged with the recess1094 in the second end 1084 of the actuation member 1008. The instrumentis used to rotate actuation member 1008. As discussed above, actuationmember 1008 can be engaged (e.g., threadingly engaged) with the rampedtranslation member 1006; thus, as the actuation member 1008 is rotatedin a first direction, the ramped translation member 1006 moves withrespect to the body portion 1002 toward the posterior end 1012 of thebody portion 1002. In another exemplary embodiment, the rampedtranslation member 1006 is moved in a linear direction with the ratchetteeth engaging as means for controlling the movement of the rampedtranslation member 1006. As the ramped translation member 1006 moves,the ramped surfaces 1070, 1072 of the first expansion portion 1064 pushagainst the ramped surfaces 1048, 1050 in the expandable end 1046 of theexpandable member 1004 pushing the first and second arms 1038, 1040outwardly into the expanded position. This can best be seen in FIGS. 64and 65 . Since the expansion of the fusion device 1000 is actuated by arotational input, the expansion of the fusion device 1000 is infinite.In other words, the first and second arms 1038, 1040 can be expanded toan infinite number of heights dependent on the rotational advancement ofthe actuation member 1008.

In the event the fusion device 1000 needs to be repositioned or revisedafter being installed and expanded, the fusion device 1000 can becontracted back to the unexpanded configuration, repositioned, andexpanded again once the desired positioning is achieved. To contract thefusion device 1000, the instrument is engaged with the recess 1094 inthe second end 1084 of the actuation member 1008. The instrument is usedto rotate actuation member 1008. As discussed above, actuation member1008 can be threadingly engaging the ramped translation member 1006;thus, as the actuation member 1008 is rotated in a second direction,opposite the first direction, the ramped translation member 1006 moveswith respect to the body portion 1002 toward the anterior end 1010 ofthe body portion 1002. As the ramped translation member 1006 moves, thefirst and second arms 1038, 1040 should contract inwardly back intotheir unexpanded position, for example.

With continued reference to FIGS. 61, 62-65 and 67 , an example methodof assembly the expandable fusion device 1000 is now discussed. Inaccordance with present embodiments, the ramped translation member 1006may be inserted into the expandable member 1004. By way of example, thesecond expansion portion 1066 may be inserted into the channel 1042 ofthe expandable member 1004 at the expandable end 646 and advanced to thefixed end 1044. After insertion of the ramped translation member 1006,the expandable member 1004 may then be placed into the internal cavity1018 in the body portion 1002. For example, the expandable member 1004may be inserted through window (e.g., upper window 1020) into theinternal cavity 1018. As illustrated, the fixed end 1044 of theexpandable member 1004 should be positioned near the posterior end 1012of the body portion 1002. The one or more screws 1074 may then beinserted through the body portion 1002 and into the ramped translationmember 1006 to, for example, stabilize the ramped translation member1006 preventing rotation. The actuation member 1008 may also be insertedinto the opening 1023 in the posterior end 1012 of the body portion andadvanced until it is in engagement with the ramped translation member1006. In one embodiment, the actuation member 1008 may be advanced intothreaded engagement with the opening 1080 in the ramped translationmember.

In an embodiment, the expandable fusion device 1000 can be configuredand sized to be placed into an intervertebral disc space between theadjacent vertebral bodies 2 and 3 (shown on FIG. 1 , for example) andexpanded. In some embodiments, the expandable fusion device 1000 mayhave a width in a range of from about 8 mm to about 22 mm and a lengthin a range of from about 15 mm to about 65 mm. In further embodiments,the expandable fusion device 1000 may have a width in a range of fromabout 8 mm to about 12 mm and a length in a range of from about 20 mm toabout 30 mm. In some embodiments, the expandable fusion device 10 mayhave an initial height in an unexpanded position in a range of fromabout 7 mm to about 20 mm and, alternatively from about 7 mm to about 15mm. In some embodiments, the maximum expansion of the first and secondarms 1038, 1040 at the anterior end 1010 of the body portion 1002 isabout 4 mm or potentially even more.

FIGS. 69 and 70 illustrate an alternative embodiment of the expandablefusion device 1000 according to the present invention. For longerconfigurations of the expandable fusion device 1000, the first andsecond arms 1038, 1040 may sag or flex, for example, when engaging theadjacent vertebral bodies 2, 3 (shown on FIG. 1 , for example).Accordingly, embodiments shown on FIGS. 69 and 70 further include one ormore protruding support members 1100 on the ramped translation member1006. As illustrated, the protruding support members 1100 may bedisposed on the one or more of the bridge portions 1068 between thefirst and second expansion portions 1064, 1066. The protruding supportmembers 1100 may engage corresponding recesses 1102 in the first andsecond arms 1038, 1040. The protruding support members 1100 may act tosupport the first and second arms 1038, 1040 and prevent undesiredflexing during expansion. In alternative embodiments (not shown), theactuation member 1008 may engage the expandable member 1004 (forexample, with a slot and a groove) so that, as the first and second arms1038, 1040 expands, the actuation member 1008 may engage the expandablemember 1004 to cause convexity.

FIG. 71 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the expandable fusiondevice 1000 according to the present invention. The embodimentsillustrated on FIGS. 61, 62-65 and 67 illustrate the ramped surfaces1070, 1072 on the first expansion portion 664 of the ramped translationmember 1006 being rear facing. In the embodiment illustrated on FIG. 71, the ramps have been reversed with the ramped surfaces 1070, 1072 onthe first expansion portion 1064 being forward facing. Accordingly, thecorresponding ramped surfaces 1048, 1050 on the first and second arms1038, 1040 of the expandable member 1004 have also been reversed and areshown on FIG. 71 as being rear facing. Accordingly, rotation of theactuation member 1008 should move the ramped translation member 1006forward to the anterior end 1010 of the body portion 1002 such that theramped surfaces 1070, 1072 of the ramped translation member 1006 pushagainst the ramped surfaces 1048, 1050 of the first and second arms1038, 1040 pushing the first and second arms 1038, 1040 outwardly intothe expanded position.

As previously mentioned, embodiments of the expandable fusion devices,such as expandable fusion device 1000 shown on FIGS. 61, 62-65 and 67 inwhich the endplates (e.g., endplates 14, 16 or first and second arms1038, 1040) may expand into an angled configuration. As illustrated byFIGS. 72-83 , the endplates 1104, 1106 of an expandable fusion device1000 may be expanded in a number of different ways. For example, FIGS.72-74 illustrate an expandable fusion device 1000 in which the endplates1104, 1106 only expand at the anterior side 1108 while remaining fixedat the posterior side 1110. FIGS. 75-77 illustrate an additional exampleof an expandable fusion device 1000 in which the endplates 1104, 1106expand at both the anterior side 1108 and the posterior side 1110 but atdifferent rates. FIGS. 78-80 illustrate yet another example of anexpandable fusion device 1000 in which the endplates 1104, 1106 firstexpand at only the anterior side 1108 to achieve lordotic angle followedby expansion at both the anterior side 1108 and the posterior side 1110at constant rates to achieve height increase. Advantageously, theembodiment shown on FIGS. 78-80 allows for full angulation without thecorresponding height increase. FIGS. 81-83 illustrate yet anotherexample of an expandable fusion device 1000. As illustrated, theexpandable fusion device 1000 has two separate degrees of freedom,allowing for independent angulation and expansion of the endplates 1104,1106.

Although the preceding discussion only discussed having a single fusiondevice (e.g., fusion device 10, fusion device 210, or fusion device1000) in the intervertebral space, it is contemplated that more than onefusion device can be inserted in the intervertebral space. It is furthercontemplated that each fusion device does not have to be finallyinstalled in the fully expanded state. Rather, depending on the locationof the fusion device in the intervertebral disc space, the height of thefusion device may vary from unexpanded to fully expanded.

One skilled in the art will appreciate that the instrument describedherein is not limited to the expandable fusion device 10 describedabove, but can be applied to assist in the delivery and/or actuation ofother implants as well. For example, in some embodiments, the instrumentdescribed can be used to deliver a non-expandable device having siderecesses. In addition, the instrument can be used to deliver differenttypes of expandable devices, including expandable TLIFs and other typesof spinal implants.

Additional embodiments of expandable fusion devices are shown in FIGS.84A-86B. In these embodiments, the fusion device 1210 includes anactuation member 1220 that is operatively attached to a translationmember 1218. Rotation of the actuation member 1220 causes lineartranslation of the translation member 1218, thereby causing expansion ofthe fusion device 1210. Advantageously, in these embodiments, theactuation member 1220 is fixed at an anterior portion of the fusiondevice 1210, thereby leaving a posterior opening 1222 available forwhich material (e.g., bone graft material) can be easily insertedtherethrough. The ability to insert and pack bone graft material throughthe posterior opening 1222 is highly beneficial, as such material can bepacked even when the expandable fusion device has already been expanded,thereby maximizing the amount of bone graft material in the device 1210.

As shown in FIGS. 84A and 84B, the expandable fusion device 1210comprises an upper endplate 1214, a lower endplate 1216, sidewallsincluding one or more inserter instrument recesses 1238, a body portion1202, a threaded actuation member 1220 and a translation member 1218having angled surfaces or ramps. The upper endplate 1214 and lowerendplate 1216 can include texturing, such as teeth or ridges, to assistin gripping of adjacent vertebral bodies. On the inner sides of theupper endplate 1214 and the lower endplate 1216 are inner angledsurfaces or ramps (similar to prior embodiments) that are configured tointeract with ramps on the translation member 1218 to cause expansion orcontraction of the device. The sidewalls include one or more inserterinstrument recesses 1238 that serve as gripping surfaces to deliver thedevice 1210.

The translation member 1218 can include one or more angled surfaces orramps 1251, 1252, 1254. The ramps can be separated by bridge members1256. As in prior embodiments, the ramps 1251, 1252, 1254 are configuredto engage and interact with ramps on the upper and lower endplates 1214,1216, thereby causing expansion or contraction of the fusion device1210. The translation member 1218 can include upwardly facing ramps thatinteract with downwardly facing ramps from the upper endplate 1214, anddownwardly facing ramps that interact with upwardly facing ramps fromthe lower endplate 1216. Thus, while only the upwardly facing ramps1251, 1252 and 1254 are visible from the top views in FIGS. 85A and 85B,one skilled in the art will appreciate that downwardly facing ramps canalso be provided. In addition, while the translation member 1218 isillustrated as having three ramps along a length of the translationmember, in other embodiments, the translation member 1218 can have one,two, four, five or more ramps separated by bridges.

In addition to the ramps, the translation member 1218 includes anengaging portion 1219 that engages the actuation member 1220 (as shownin FIG. 85A). The engaging portion 1219 is configured to include innerthreads that engage with threads of the actuation member 1220. Rotationof the actuation member 1220 causes the translation member 1218 to movelinearly along the threads of the actuation member 1220.

In the present embodiments, the actuation member 1220 is threadedthrough the translation member 1218 near the anterior or front side ofthe body portion 1202, which can be tapered (e.g., to assist indistraction of bone members). With the actuation member 1220 near theanterior side of the body, a posterior opening 1222 remains exposed. Insome embodiments, the posterior opening 1222 is configured to receive anexpansion instrument or tool that can expand or contract the height ofthe spacer 1210. In addition, the posterior opening 1222 is capable ofadvantageously receiving bone graft material therein, even when thefusion device 1210 has already been expanded, thereby maximizing theamount of bone graft material in the device.

FIG. 84A shows the expandable fusion device 1210 in a collapsed orunexpanded state. In the collapsed state, the device 1210 is capable ofbeing delivered through a relatively small surgical opening to a desiredanatomical location. To assist in delivering the device 1210 to adesired anatomical location, a surgeon can use an inserter tool to graspthe device 1210 along its sidewalls via inserter instrument recesses1238.

FIG. 84B shows the expandable fusion device 1210 in an extended orexpanded state. To expand the device 1210, an expansion tool is insertedthrough the posterior opening 1222 and into the threaded actuationmember 1220. The expansion tool can rotate the threaded actuation member1220. As the actuation member 1220 is rotated in a first direction, thetranslation member 1220 (which threadingly engages the actuation member1220), translates in a linear direction along the length of theactuation member 1220 (as shown in FIGS. 85A and 85B). As thetranslation member 1220 translates from an anterior-to-posteriordirection, ramps 1251, 1252, 1254 of the translation member 1220 engagecorresponding ramps on the endplates, thereby causing expansion of thedevice 1210. To reduce the height of the device 1210, the expansion toolcan rotate the actuation member 1220 in a reversed second direction,thereby causing the translation member 1220 to translate from aposterior-to-anterior direction, and reduce the height of the device1210.

FIGS. 85A and 85B are top views of the alternative expandable fusiondevice of FIG. 84A with endplates removed. From this view, one can seethe actuation member 1220 screwed within the threaded engagement portion1219 of the translation member 1218 according to some embodiments. Theactuation member 1220 and the translation member 1218 both fit withinthe body 1202 of the fusion device 1210.

FIG. 85A shows the expandable fusion device 1210 in a collapsed state.From this view, one can see an anterior end of the translation member1218 is adjacent the anterior wall of the body 1202. In someembodiments, the translation member 1218 is pressed against the anteriorwall of the body 1202.

FIG. 85B shows the expandable fusion device 1210 in an expanded state.From this view, one can see how the translation member 1218 hastranslated in anterior-to-posterior direction, such that the anteriorend of the translation member 1218 is removed away from the anteriorwall of the body 1202. The translation member 1218 has shifted slightlyin the posterior direction, such that upper and lower ramps of thetranslation member 1218 would engage corresponding ramps on the upperand lower endplates (not shown), thereby causing the expansion of thedevice.

FIGS. 86A and 86B are top perspective views of the alternativeexpandable fusion device of FIG. 84A with endplates removed. In FIG.86A, the fusion device 1210 is in a collapsed configuration, while inFIG. 86B, the fusion device 1210 is in an expanded configuration. Fromthese views, one can see additional features not shown in FIGS. 85A and85B, such as the side recess 1238 for receiving an insertion instrument.

In operation, the fusion device 1210 of FIGS. 84A-86B can be used asfollows. A surgeon can deliver the fusion device 1210 in a collapsedconfiguration through an opening. The fusion device 1210 can bedelivered into a desired anatomical space, whereby its tapered anteriorend is a leading end. Once the fusion device 1210 is placed in a desiredanatomical space, the surgeon can insert an expansion tool through aposterior opening 1222 in the body 1202 of the device 1210. Theexpansion tool can extend through the body 1202 and into the actuationmember 1220, whereby it can rotate the actuation member 1220. Uponrotation of the actuation member 1220, the translation member 1218translates in a posterior direction, such that its ramps engage withcorresponding ramps of endplates. This translation of the translationmember 1218 causes expansion of the fusion device 1210. Once the device1210 has been properly expanded, the expansion tool can be removed fromthe posterior opening 1222, thereby leaving the posterior opening 1222exposed. The surgeon can then insert bone graft material or otherdesirable materials into the posterior opening 1222 to assist in theproper fusion in the disc space.

As discussed above, a number of implants are capable of lordoticexpansion, such that at least one side of the implant (e.g., an anterioror posterior side) is higher than the opposite side. While any type ofexpansion mechanism can be used to achieve lordotic expansion, a numberof novel lordotic expansion mechanisms are now provided. These expansionmechanisms can be used with any of the designs discussed above ifdesired.

FIG. 87 illustrates a lordotic expansion mechanism in accordance withsome embodiments. The lordotic expansion mechanism comprises a rampedtranslation member 1318 having an upper surface 1320 and a lower surface1322. At least one of the upper surface 1320 and the lower surface 1322is ramped. In some embodiments, both the upper surface 1320 and thelower surface 1322 are ramped.

As shown in FIG. 87 , the lordotically expanded implant 1310 can includemany similar features to the implants discussed above, including a firstendplate 1314 with an upper graft opening 1348, a second endplate 1316with a lower graft opening 1349 and one or more protrusions 1309 forengaging an adjacent vertebral body. In some embodiments, the firstendplate 1314 is completely independent from the second endplate 1316such that the two members are not directly attached to one another. Inother embodiments, as shown in FIG. 87 , the first endplate 1314 and thesecond endplate 1316 are directly attached to one another via aconnection part 1317. The connection part 1317 can be a curved surfacethat adjoins the first endplate 1314 and the second endplate 1316 suchthat the first endplate 1314 and the second endplate 1316 are part of acontinuous body. In addition, in some embodiments, the first endplate1314 can include a first inner surface 1327 while the second endplate1316 can include a second inner surface 1328. In some embodiments, atleast one of the first inner surface 1327 and the second inner surface1328 can be ramped or angled.

The lordotically expanded implant 1310 can be expanded by inserting theramped translation member 1318 through the body of the implant. Theramped translation member 1318 includes an upper surface 1320 and alower surface 1322, of which at least one is ramped. In the presentembodiment, lower surface 1322 is flat while upper surface 1320 isramped. Within the ramped translation member 1318 is an actuation screw1324. In some embodiments, the actuation screw 1324 can be attached to adistal wall 1358 of the implant. As the actuation screw 1324 is rotated,the ramped translation member 1318 can translate laterally along thelongitudinal length of the implant. As the ramped translation member1318 translates, its ramped upper surface 1320 can slide along acorrespondingly ramped inner surface 1327, thereby causing the firstendplate 1314 to separate and expand away from the second endplate 1316.As the translation member 1318 is ramped such that one end is higherthan the other, this causes the expansion of the implant to be lordotic.

In some embodiments, the upper surface of the first endplate 1314 can begenerally parallel to the lower surface of the second endplate 1316before translation of the ramped translation member 1318. In otherwords, the height of the implant 1310 can be substantially constantalong its entire length. After translation of the ramped translationmember 1318, one side of the implant 1310 (e.g., an anterior orposterior side) can be higher than the opposite side, thereby creating alordotic expansion. In some embodiments, the body of the implant 1310with the endplates 1314, 1316 can be inserted into a disc space prior toinserting the ramped translation member 1318 therein. The rampedtranslation member 1318 can be inserted thereafter, thereby causingexpansion of the implant 1310 in situ. In other embodiments, the body ofthe implant 1310 is already incorporated with the ramped translationmember 1318 therein upon insertion of the implant 1310 within a discspace.

FIGS. 88A-88C illustrate an alternative lordotic expansion mechanismusing one or more shims in accordance with some embodiments. The implant1410 in these figures includes a first endplate 1414 and a secondendplate 1416 that can be separated or expanded away from one anotherlordotically. In some embodiments, the first endplate 1414 can beindependent from the second endplate 1416, while in other embodiments,the first endplate 1414 can be connected to the second endplate 1416 viaa connection part 1417 that forms a “clam-shell” type body, as shown inFIG. 88A. In some embodiments, the implant body can be formed of PEEK,while in other embodiments, the implant body is formed of a metal orother polymer. The connection part 1417 can be found on one side of theimplant 1410 (e.g., posterior side), while an opening 1449 can be foundon the opposite side of the implant 1410 (e.g., anterior side). Theopening 1449 is configured to receive one or more shims 1450, which cancause the first endplate 1414 to separate away from the second endplate1416.

As shown in FIG. 88B, multiple shim members 1450 can be stacked, one ontop of the other, in the opening 1449 on the anterior side of theimplant. The addition of the multiple shim members 1450 causes theanterior side of the implant to expand to a height that is greater thanthe height of the posterior side, thereby creating a lordotic expansionin the implant. In some embodiments, the implant 1410 can be expandedwith the addition of two shim members 1450, while in other embodiments,more than two shim members 1450 (e.g., three, four, five or more) can beprovided. The amount of shim members to be added can vary based on apatient's anatomy and the desired amount of lordosis.

FIG. 88C shows one example of a shim member 1450 in accordance with someembodiments. In some embodiments, the shim members 1450 can be flat. Inaddition, in some embodiments, the shim members 1450 can be tapered. Insome embodiments, the shim members 1450 can be interlocking, as shown inFIG. 90 and discussed further below. In some embodiments, the shimmembers 1450 are formed of small pieces of PEEK, while in otherembodiments, the shim members 1450 are formed or a metal or otherpolymer.

FIG. 89 illustrates an alternative lordotic expansion mechanism using asingle block in accordance with some embodiments. While the implant 1410includes a body having a first endplate 1414, a second endplate 1416 anda connection part 1417 that forms a similar clam-shell type body as inthe implant in FIG. 88A, the implant 1410 makes use of a single block1452. The single block 1452 can be inserted into the opening 1449 formedon the anterior side of the implant, thereby causing the anterior sideof the implant to expand lordotically. With the single block 1452 in theopening 1449, the implant's anterior side has a greater height than itsposterior side.

FIGS. 90A-90D illustrate an alternative lordotic expansion mechanismusing one or more shims with interlocking features in accordance withsome embodiments. The implant 1410 includes a first endplate 1414, asecond endplate 1416 and a connection part 1417. Like the implant inFIG. 88A, the implant 1410 is configured to receive one or more shimmembers. However, the shim members 1455 in FIG. 90A are specificallydesigned to include keying or mating features such that one shim membercan mate with another.

FIGS. 90B-90D show different keying or mating features between shimmembers 1455A and 1455B. In FIG. 90B, the first shim member 1455A isconnected to the second shim member 1455B via angled planar surfaces. InFIG. 90C, the first shim member 1455A is connected to the second shimmember 1455B via a circular surface. In FIG. 90D, the first shim member1455A is connected to the second shim member 1455B via a substantiallyrectangular surface. Each of the first shim members 1455A and the secondshim members 1455B interlock via the mating features, thereby forming asecure connection in the implant. In each of the embodiments, shimmember 1455B can be considered to have a blocking member that preventsback out of the first shim member 1455A. For example, in FIG. 90B, thenarrow opening in shim member 1455B that receives the keyed portion ofshim member 1455A can be considered a blocking member that prevents backout of the shim member 1455A.

The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the same maybe varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as adeparture from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all suchmodifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intendedto be included within the scope of the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. An intervertebral implant comprising: a bodyportion comprising an anterior end, a posterior end, a first sideportion connecting the anterior end and the posterior end, and a secondside portion connecting the anterior end and the posterior end, theanterior end, posterior end, first side portion and second side portiondefining an enclosed central opening, the anterior end of the bodyportion having angled surfaces defining an insertion end for distractingvertebral bodies; an expandable member comprising a rear end, anexpandable end opposite the rear end, a first arm, and a second arm, thefirst arm and the second arm being connected at the rear end, the firstarm and the second arm being moveable with respect to one another at theexpandable end, the expandable member in an unexpanded position beingsurrounded by the posterior end, anterior end, first side portion andsecond side portion of the body portion; a translation member disposedbetween the first arm and the second arm; and an actuation memberconfigured to translate the translation member to move the first arm andthe second arm in a direction away from each other at the expandable endrelative to the rear end to achieve lordotic expansion.
 2. Theintervertebral implant of claim 1, wherein movement of the translationmember in a first direction causes the first and second arms to moveoutwardly at the expandable end of the expandable member while the firstand second arms remain fixed at the rear end.
 3. The intervertebralimplant of claim 2, wherein rotational movement of the actuation membercauses the translation member to move linearly in the first direction.4. The intervertebral implant of claim 2, wherein the first armcomprises a ramped surface, wherein the second arm comprises a rampedsurface, wherein the translation member includes at least one expansionportion and the at least one expansion portion comprises a first rampedsurface and a second ramped surface, wherein the first ramped surfaceabuts against the ramped surface of the first arm, and wherein themovement of the translation member in the first direction causes thefirst ramped surface of the at least one expansion portion to pushagainst the ramped surface of the first arm and the second rampedsurface of the at least one expansion portion to push against the rampedsurface of the second arm.
 5. The intervertebral implant of claim 1,wherein the anterior end of the body portion includes an anterioropening and the translation member includes an extension slidablyreceived in the opening for stabilizing the translation member in thebody portion.
 6. The intervertebral implant of claim 1, wherein theposterior end of the body portion comprises an opening for receiving theactuation member.
 7. The intervertebral implant of claim 1, wherein thefirst and second side portions comprise a recess configured anddimensioned for receiving an insertion instrument.
 8. The intervertebralimplant of claim 1, wherein the posterior end of the body portioncomprises upper and lower bone engagement surfaces that each comprisetexturing for gripping vertebral bodies.
 9. The intervertebral implantof claim 1, wherein the expandable member is made from a materialcomprising polyether ether ketone.
 10. The intervertebral implant ofclaim 1, wherein the first and second arms each comprise outwardlyfacing bone engagement surfaces that each comprise texturing forgripping vertebral bodies.
 11. The intervertebral implant of claim 1,wherein the translation member includes at least one expansion portion,and the at least one expansion portion of the translation membercomprises a first expansion portion comprising one or more rampedsurfaces for engaging corresponding ramped surfaces on the first andsecond arms, and a second expansion portion in engagement with theactuation member, the first expansion portion and the second expansionportion being connected by a bridge portion.
 12. The intervertebralimplant of claim 11, wherein the bridge portion comprises one or moreprotruding support members, the one or more protruding support memberseach being in engagement with a corresponding recess in the first arm orthe second arm.
 13. The intervertebral implant of claim 11, wherein thesecond expansion portion comprises an opening sized to receive theactuation member.
 14. The intervertebral implant of claim 11, whereinone or more screws are disposed through the anterior end of the bodyportion and into the translation member.
 15. The intervertebral implantof claim 1, wherein the actuation member comprises a head portion and anextension portion from the head portion, the extension portioncomprising threading, the actuation member being in threaded engagementwith the translation member.
 16. The intervertebral implant of claim 15,wherein the actuation member is received within an opening in theposterior end of the body portion, the opening including a mechanicalstop that limits forward movement of the actuation member into theopening.
 17. The intervertebral implant of claim 16, wherein a ring isdisposed between the head portion of the actuation member of themechanical stop.
 18. The intervertebral implant of claim 1, wherein thebody portion is configured to receive bone graft material in the centralopening.
 19. A method of installing an intervertebral implant, themethod comprising: positioning the intervertebral implant betweenadjacent vertebrae, the intervertebral implant having a body portionwith an anterior end, a posterior end, a first side portion connectingthe anterior end and the posterior end, and a second side portionconnecting the anterior end and the posterior end, the anterior end,posterior end, first side portion and second side portion defining anenclosed central opening, the anterior end of the body portion havingangled surfaces defining an insertion end for distracting vertebralbodies, the intervertebral implant also having a translation memberpositioned within the enclosed central opening, the anterior end beinginserted first into the disc space followed by the posterior end; androtating an actuation member of the implant in a first direction, therotation of the actuation member causing a translation member of theimplant to move in a first linear direction, the translation memberhaving at least one expansion portion comprising at least one rampedsurface, each of the ramped surfaces pushing against one or more rampedsurfaces on a first arm or a second arm of an expandable member of theintervertebral implant causing the first arm and the second arm to moveoutwardly at an expandable end of the expandable member relative to arear end of the first arm and the second arm to achieve lordoticexpansion.
 20. The method of installing the intervertebral implant ofclaim 19, the method further comprising: rotating the actuation memberof the implant in a second direction, the second direction beingopposite the first direction, the rotation of the actuation membercauses the translation member to move in a second linear directionopposite the first linear direction, wherein the first arm and thesecond arm contract inward as the translation member moves in the secondlinear direction.